python">import math
import os
import random
import torch
import dltools
from matplotlib import pyplot as pltpython">#读取数据集
def read_ptb():"""将PTB数据集加载到文本行的列表中"""with open('./ptb/ptb.train.txt') as f:raw_text = f.read()return [line.split() for line in raw_text.split('\n')]sentences = read_ptb()
print(f'# sentences数：{len(sentences)}')# sentences数：42069
python">#构建词表，并把频次低于10的词元替换为<unk>
vocab = dltools.Vocab(sentences, min_freq=10)
print(f'# vocab_size: {len(vocab)}')python">#向下采样
def subsample(sentences, vocab):#排除未知词元‘<unk>’,对sentences进行处理sentences = [[token for token in line if vocab[token] != vocab.unk] for line in sentences]#对排除unk的sentences进行tokens计数 （未去重）counter = dltools.count_corpus(sentences)#聚合num_tokens = sum(counter.values())#若在下采样期间保留词元， 则返回True def keep(token):return (random.uniform(0, 1) < math.sqrt(1e-4 / (counter[token] / num_tokens)))#降低冠词等无意义词的频次, 词频低越容易保留return ([[token for token in line if keep(token)] for line in sentences], counter) subsampled, counter = subsample(sentences, vocab)python">#画出下采样之后的图, 采取下采样前后的20条数据
before = [len(x) for x in sentences[:20]]
after = [len(x) for x in subsampled[:20]]
x = range(len(before))
plt.bar(x, height=before, width=0.4, alpha=0.8, color='red', label='before')
#[i + 0.4 for i in x] 是X轴刻度
plt.bar([i + 0.4 for i in x], height=after, width=0.4, color='green', label='after')
plt.xlabel('tokens per sentences')
plt.ylabel('count')
plt.legend(['before', 'after'])
plt.show()
python">def compare_counts(token):return (f'"{token}"的数量：' f'之前={sum([l.count(token) for l in sentences])}, ' f'之后={sum([l.count(token) for l in subsampled])}')compare_counts('the')'"the"的数量：之前=50770, 之后=2000'
python">compare_counts('publishing')'"publishing"的数量：之前=64, 之后=64'
python">#将词元映射到他们在语料库中的索引
corpus = [vocab[line] for line in subsampled]
corpus[:3][[], [71, 2115], [5277, 3054, 1580, 95]]
python">#中心词和上下文词的提取
def get_centers_and_contetxs(corpus, max_window_size):"""返回skip_gram模型中的中心词和上下文词"""centers, contexts = [], []for line in corpus:#要形成“中心词——上下文词对”， 每个句子至少需要有2个词if len(line) < 2:continuecenters += line #把满足条件的line放于中心词列表中for idx, i in enumerate(range(len(line))): #上下文窗口的中间token的索引为iwindow_size = random.randint(1, max_window_size)print('中心词 {} 的窗口大小：{}'.format(idx, window_size))indices = list(range(max(0, i - window_size), min(len(line), i + window_size + 1)))#从上下文词中排除中心词indices.remove(i)contexts.append([line[x] for x in indices])return centers, contextspython">#假设数据
tiny_dataset = [list(range(7)), list(range(7,10))]
print('数据集', tiny_dataset)
#表示解压函数，用于将打包的元组解压回原来的序列
for center, context in zip(*get_centers_and_contetxs(tiny_dataset, 2)):print('中心词：',center, '的上下文词是：', context)数据集 [[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]] 中心词 0 的窗口大小：1 中心词 1 的窗口大小：2 中心词 2 的窗口大小：2 中心词 3 的窗口大小：1 中心词 4 的窗口大小：2 中心词 5 的窗口大小：2 中心词 6 的窗口大小：2 中心词 0 的窗口大小：2 中心词 1 的窗口大小：1 中心词 2 的窗口大小：1 中心词 0 的上下文词是 [1] 中心词 1 的上下文词是 [0, 2, 3] 中心词 2 的上下文词是 [0, 1, 3, 4] 中心词 3 的上下文词是 [2, 4] 中心词 4 的上下文词是 [2, 3, 5, 6] 中心词 5 的上下文词是 [3, 4, 6] 中心词 6 的上下文词是 [4, 5] 中心词 7 的上下文词是 [8, 9] 中心词 8 的上下文词是 [7, 9] 中心词 9 的上下文词是 [8]
python">#在PTB上进行中心词和背景词提取
#max_window_size=5 业界常用到的数值，效果比较好
all_centers, all_contexts = get_centers_and_contetxs(corpus, 5)
'“中心词-上下文词对”的数量:{}'.format( sum([len(contexts) for contexts in all_contexts]))'“中心词-上下文词对”的数量:1499666'
python">#负采样_按权重抽取
class RandomGenerator:"""根据n个采样权重在{1，2，,3，...n}中随机抽取"""def __init__(self, sampling_weights):#Exclude 排除self.population = list(range(1, len(sampling_weights) + 1)) #对采样数据的编号self.sampling_weights = sampling_weightsself.candidates = [] #采样结果self.i = 0def draw(self):if self.i == len(self.candidates):#缓存k个随机采样的结果 # population:集群。 weights:相对权重。 cum_weights:累加权重。 k:选取次数self.candidates = random.choices(self.population, self.sampling_weights, k=10000) #k最大值=10000（采样数量）self.i = 0self.i += 1return self.candidates[self.i - 1]python">#假设数据验证
generator = RandomGenerator([2, 3, 4])
[generator.draw() for _ in range(10)][2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 2, 3, 2]
python">#返回负采样中的噪声词
def get_negatives(all_contetxs, vocab, counter, K):#索引为1,2，....（索引0是此表中排除的未知标记）sampling_weights = [counter[vocab.to_tokens(i)]**0.75 for i in range(1, len(vocab))]all_negatives, generator = [], RandomGenerator(sampling_weights)for contexts in all_contetxs: #遍历背景词negatives = []while len(negatives) < len(contexts) * K:neg = generator.draw()#噪声词不能是上下文词if neg not in contexts:negatives.append(neg)all_negatives.append(negatives)return all_negativesall_negatives = get_negatives(all_contexts, vocab, counter, 5)python"># 小批量操作
def batchify(data):"""返回带有负采样的跳元模型的小批量样本"""max_len = max(len(c) + len(n) for _, c, n in data)centers, contexts_negatives, masks, labels = [], [], [], []for center, context, negative in data:cur_len = len(context) + len(negative)centers += [center]contexts_negatives += \[context + negative + [0] * (max_len - cur_len)]masks += [[1] * cur_len + [0] * (max_len - cur_len)]labels += [[1] * len(context) + [0] * (max_len - len(context))]return (torch.tensor(centers).reshape((-1, 1)), torch.tensor(contexts_negatives), torch.tensor(masks), torch.tensor(labels))python">#小批量的例子
x_1 = (1, [2, 2], [3, 3, 3, 3])
x_2 = (1, [2, 2, 2], [3, 3])
batch = batchify((x_1, x_2))names = ['centers', 'contexts_negative', 'masks', 'labels']
for name, data in zip(names, batch):print(name, '=', data)centers = tensor([[1],[1]]) contexts_negative = tensor([[2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3],[2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 0]]) masks = tensor([[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0]]) labels = tensor([[1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0],[1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0]])
python">#整合后的数据加载处理模块
def load_data_ptb(batch_size, max_window_size, num_noise_words):"""下载PTB数据集， 然后将其加载到内存中"""#加载PTB数据集sentences = read_ptb()#获取词汇表vocab = dltools.Vocab(sentences, min_freq=10)#下采样subsampled, counter = subsample(sentences, vocab)#语料库corpus = [vocab[line] for line in subsampled]#获取中心词与背景词all_centers, all_contexts = get_centers_and_contetxs(corpus, max_window_size)#获取噪声词get_negatives(all_contetxs, vocab, counter, num_noise_words)class PTBDataset(torch.utils.data.Dataset):def __init__(self, centers, contexts, negatives):assert len(centers) == len(contexts) == len(negatives)self.centers = centersself.contexts = contextsself.negatives = negativesdef __getitem__(self, index):return (self.centers[index], self.contexts[index],self.negatives[index])def __len__(self):return len(self.centers)dataset = PTBDataset(all_centers, all_contexts, all_negatives)data_iter = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset, batch_size, shuffle=True, collate_fn = batchify)return data_iter, vocabpython">data_iter, vocab = load_data_ptb(5, 5, 5)
for batch in data_iter:for name, data in zip(names, batch):print(name, 'shape:', data.shape)breakcenters shape: torch.Size([5, 1]) contexts_negatives shape: torch.Size([5, 48]) masks shape: torch.Size([5, 48]) labels shape: torch.Size([5, 48])
python">batch(tensor([[1259],[ 627],[5679],[ 3],[ 960]]),tensor([[1983, 1136, 1186, 15, 3216, 5351, 512, 321, 2208, 1396, 60, 782,63, 929, 149, 105, 305, 7, 74, 11, 1530, 1, 5893, 2668,0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],[ 298, 1960, 1098, 1288, 6, 1689, 4808, 981, 2040, 3887, 385, 59,2167, 4424, 91, 4159, 65, 1271, 3621, 6020, 585, 1426, 5097, 335,18, 770, 5317, 1408, 5828, 3321, 836, 529, 1772, 365, 6718, 269,101, 209, 1450, 1, 47, 834, 8, 2, 979, 28, 4029, 471],[6034, 2, 4028, 829, 1042, 5340, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],[ 678, 582, 5033, 4220, 959, 280, 124, 397, 211, 787, 2795, 383,18, 16, 1293, 1212, 2149, 2627, 623, 8, 4467, 155, 3932, 1447,5595, 27, 15, 81, 283, 2631, 410, 938, 4, 344, 5204, 233,149, 2, 4933, 5675, 62, 182, 18, 1186, 227, 2429, 2349, 31],[ 128, 1332, 3790, 1370, 950, 119, 1369, 1328, 1007, 2831, 782, 374,723, 13, 14, 76, 618, 1, 821, 143, 2317, 5730, 978, 753,839, 2055, 160, 12, 377, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]),tensor([[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]),tensor([[1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],[1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]))
