[网络][CISCO]CISCO IOS升级

CISCO IOS升级-（转）2008-06-27 15:35IOS 升级

在介绍CISCO路由器IOS升级方法前，有必要对Cisco路由器的存储器的相关知识作以简单介绍。路由器与计算机相似，它也有内存和操作系统。在Cisco路由器中，其操作系统叫做互连网操作系统(Internetwork Operating System)，常简称为IOS。路由器的存储器主要有：

ROM:只读存储器包含路由器正在使用的IOS的一份副本；

RAM:IOS将随机访问存储器分成共享和主存。主要用来存储运行中的路由器配置和与路由协议有关的IOS数据结构；

FLASH (闪存)：用来存储IOS软件映像文件，闪存是可以擦除内存，它能够用IOS的新版本覆写，IOS升级主要是闪存中的IOS映像文件进行更换。

NVRAM：非易失性随机访问存储器，用来存储系统的配置文件。

IOS升级方法一

在对能够正常启动的CISCO路由器的IOS进行升级时，比较简单。具体步骤如下：

1、寻找一种TFTP服务器软件（有CISCO公司的TFTPServer或3COM公司的3Cserver等，在升级较大IOS映象文件时，建议用3Cserver），安装在一台计算机上，将要升级的IOS映象文件拷贝到相关的目录中（例：D:\），并运行TFTP服务器软件，通过菜单设置Root目录为拷贝IOS映象文件所在目录（如D:\）。假设该计算机的IP地址为10.32.10.1；

2、连接路由器的console口与PC机的COM1，使用PC的超级终端软件访问路由器，将路由器的地址设为10.32.10.32（与计算机的IP地址同网段即可）。建议在进行IOS升级前将原有IOS文件备份下来，防止待升级的IOS文件存在问题不可用；

QUOTE:

Router# dir flash: (查看目前IOS映象文件名，也可用Router#Show version)

Directory of flash:/

1 -rw- 5998292 C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN

8388608 bytes total (2390252 bytes free)

Router#copy flash tftp （备份IOS文件）

Source filename []?c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin

Address or name of remote host []? 10.32.10.1 (TFTP服务器地址)

Destination filename [c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin]?

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

…

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

5998292 bytes copied in 324.071 secs (18509 bytes/sec)

Router#

3、对路由器进行IOS升级；

QUOTE:

Router#copy tftp flash

Address or name of remote host []? 10.32.10.1 (TFTP服务器地址)

Source filename []? c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin （需升级的新IOS映象文件名）

Destination filename [c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin]?

Do you want to over write? [confirm]

Accessing tftp://10.32.10.1/c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin...

Erase flash: before copying? [confirm]

Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm]

Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ...erasedee

Erase of flash: complete

Loading c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin from 10.32.10.1 (via Ethernet0/0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

…

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[OK - 5998292 bytes]

Verifying checksum... OK (0xA0C0)

5998292 bytes copied in 318.282 secs (18846 bytes/sec)

Router#

IOS升级方法二

由于升级失败后或者路由器的config-register寄存器值为0x2101时，开启路由器时、或者在开启（某些型号）Cisco路由器的电源开关后30秒内按下Ctrl+break键，中断路由器的正常启动，路由器都会进入rom监视模式,即Router(boot)>，在这种情形下，对路由器的IOS进行升级，也比较简单。首先进入特权模式下，即

QUOTE:

Router(boot)>en

Router(boot)#

其他升级步骤同方法一，即：执行copy tftp flash命令，对IOS进行升级。升级完成后，不要忘了修改config-register寄存器值为0x2102（恢复正常值）。

QUOTE:

Router(boot)# t

Router(boot)( config)# config-register 0x2102

Router(boot)( config)#exit

Router(boot)#wr

Router(boot)#reload

重启即可。

IOS升级方法三

由于不小心使用了命令erase flash或升级失败后或在开启（某些型号）Cisco路由器的电源开关后30秒内按下Ctrl+break键，中断路由器的正常启动，路由器都会进入rom监视模式,即 rommon 1>，在这种情形下，对路由器的IOS进行升级，情况要稍微复杂一点。在rommon 1>状态下，可键?请求帮助。(1为命令行序号，每执行1条命令自动加1)

QUOTE:

rommon 1 > ?

alias set and display aliases command

boot boot up an external process

break set/show/clear the breakpoint

confreg configuration register utility

cont continue executing a downloaded image

context display the context of a loaded image

cookie display contents of cookie PROM in hex

dev list the device table

dir list files in file system

dis display instruction stream

dnld serial download a program module

frame print out a selected stack frame

help monitor builtin command help

history monitor command history

meminfo main memory information

repeat repeat a monitor command

reset system reset

set display the monitor variables

stack produce a stack trace

sync write monitor environment to NVRAM

sysret print out info from last system return

tftpdnld tftp image download

unalias unset an alias

unset unset a monitor variable

xmodem x/ymodem image download

rommon 2 >

在rommon 1>状态下有两种升级IOS方法。

（一）、通过Xmodem命令（注：Xmodem与实际的modem没有任何联系只是一个传输协议数据是通过终端的串口和路由器的Console口灌进去的）升级IOS，具体步骤如下：

1、用Cisco原配的线缆连接路由器的console口与PC机的COM1，使用PC机的超级终端软件访问路由器，这时不需要对PC和路由器配置任何地址。

2、在这个模式下，输入Xmodem命令，即：

QUOTE:

rommon 2 > xmodem -c c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin

（-c是带校验，c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin为存放在PC机上的IOS映像文件）

WARNING: All existing data in bootflash will be lost!

Invoke this application only for disaster recovery.

Do you wish to continue? y/n [n]: y

Ready to receive file c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin ... （此时在超级终端的传送栏目=> 选择发送文件选项 => 再选择Xmodem 并指明IOS映像文件所在的路径，按发送即开始上传IOS,等待时间很长，视IOS的大小和传输速度。）

QUOTE:

Erasing flash at 0x607c0000

program flash location 0x605b0000

Download Complete!

传完以后，对整个系统初始化显示如下：

QUOTE:

program load complete, entry point: 0x80008000, size: 0x5b85e0

Self decompressing the image : #################################################

################################################# [OK]

Smart Init is disabled. IOMEM set to: 10

Using iomem percentage: 10

Restricted Rights Legend

Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is

subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph

Rights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph

Software clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013.

cisco Systems, Inc.

170 West Tasman Drive

San Jose, California 95134-1706

Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software

IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-I-M), Version 12.2(11)T9, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

TAC Support: http://www.cisco.com/tac

Compiled Mon 23-Jun-03 15:42 by cmong

Image text-base: 0x8000809C, data-base: 0x80A68B48

cisco 2610 (MPC860) processor (revision 0x203) with 22528K/2048K bytes of memory

Processor board ID JAD03483395 (1128032249)

M860 processor: part number 0, mask 49

Bridging software.

X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.

1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)

2 Serial(sync/async) network interface(s)

32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.

8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)

Press RETURN to get started!

*Mar 1 00:00:05.652: %PA-2-UNDEFPA: Undefined Port Adaptor type 100 in bay 1

*Mar 1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up

*Mar 1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down

*Mar 1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/1, changed state to down

*Mar 1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up

*Mar 1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down

*Mar 1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/1, changed state to down

*Mar 1 00:00:09.458: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from memory by console

*Mar 1 00:00:11.245: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/1, changed state to administratively down

*Mar 1 00:00:12.275: %SYS-5-RESTART: System restarted --Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software

IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-I-M), Version 12.2(11)T9, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

TAC Support: http://www.cisco.com/tac

Compiled Mon 23-Jun-03 15:42 by cmong

*Mar 1 00:00:12.279: %SNMP-5-COLDSTART: SNMP agent on host NE16 is undergoing a cold start

Router>

采用这种方法时，由于使用console口来传送，速率为9600bps，需要时间较长。因此可修改console口速率利用xmodem命令实现快速升级IOS。具体方法如下：

QUOTE:

rommon 1 > confreg 回车

Configuration Summary

enabled are:

load rom after netboot fails

console baud: 9600

boot: image specified by the boot system commands

or default to: cisco2-C2600

do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes)

enable "diagnostic mode"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

enable "use net in IP bcast address"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

disable "load rom after netboot fails"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

enable "use all zero broadcast"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

enable "break/abort has effect"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

enable "ignore system config info"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

change console baud rate? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes)

enter rate: 0 = 9600, 1 = 4800, 2 = 1200, 3 = 2400

4 = 19200, 5 = 38400, 6 = 57600, 7 = 115200 [0]: 7 (选择 7,用最大的11520

速率的xmodem传输)

change the boot characteristics? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

Configuration Summary

enabled are:

load rom after netboot fails

console baud: 115200

boot: image specified by the boot system commands

or default to: cisco2-C2600

do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect

rommon 2 > reset 回车

注意：在按reset键前，需要修改串口速度（我的电脑---端口属性----串口速度调为115200），然后再修改超级终端里设置速率为115200，记住，一定要这么做，否则会出现乱码！然后关闭这个超级终端，重新建立一个超级终端连接，重新启动系统后，出现

QUOTE:

rommon 1> 提示符

然后,输入

QUOTE:

rommon 1> xmodem -r

Do not start the sending program yet...

Invoke this application only for disaster recovery.

Do you wish to continue? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes)

Ready to receive file ...

此时，在超级终端的菜单上的“传送”---“发送文件”----选择IOS映像文件所在地以及选择使用“xmodem”协议，点击“发送”即可。等待10-20分钟左右就可升级完3-6M的IOS文件！待升级完成后，请记住修改回计算机串口与超级终端、路由器confreg下的xmodem等传输速率为9600bps。

方法如下：

QUOTE:

Router>en 进入新IOS的特权模式

Router#reload 重启系统

Proceed with reload? [confirm] 回车

00:01:04: %SYS-5-RELOAD: Reload requested

System Bootstrap, Version 11.3(2)XA4, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

TAC:Home:SW:IOS:Specials for info

PC = 0xfff0a530, Vector = 0x500, SP = 0x680127b0

C2600 platform with 24576 Kbytes of main memory

PC = 0xfff0a530, Vector = 0x500, SP = 0x80004684

monitor: command "boot" aborted due to user interrupt

30秒内按ctrl+break键

rommon 1 > confreg （输入“confreg”命令）

Configuration Summary

enabled are:

load rom after netboot fails

console baud: 115200

boot: image specified by the boot system commands

or default to: cisco2-C2600

do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes)

enable "diagnostic mode"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

enable "use nn IP bcast address"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

disable "load rom after netboot fails"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

enable "use all zero broadcast"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

enable "break/abort has effect"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

enable "ignore system config info"? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

change console baud rate? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes)

enter rate: 0 = 9600, 1 = 4800, 2 = 1200, 3 = 2400

4 = 19200, 5 = 38400, 6 = 57600, 7 = 115200 [7]: 0 (选择 0,改回用标准速率速率9600的xmodem传输)

change the boot characteristics? y/n [n]: n (选择 no)

Configuration Summary

enabled are:

load rom after netboot fails

console baud: 9600

boot: image specified by the boot system commands

or default to: cisco2-C2600

do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: n You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect

rommon 2 >

此时手工改回计算机串口与超级终端2者传输速率为9600

然后敲入

QUOTE:

rommon 2 >reset

最好关掉电源后，重新启动。利用xmodem命令实现路由器IOS升级速度较慢，往往等上很长时间，为了快速升级，可以采用下列方法。

二）通过tftpdnld命令升级IOS，具体步骤如下：

1、用Cisco原配的线缆连接路由器的console口与PC机的COM1，使用PC机的超级终端软件访问路由器；用一根双绞线连接路由器的eth0/0口与PC机的网卡。

2、将路由器的eth0/0口IP地址设为10.32.10.32；PC机的IP地址设为10.32.10.1。将要升级的IOS映象文件拷贝到相关的目录中，并运行TFTP服务器软件，通过菜单设置Root目录为拷贝IOS映象文件所在目录。

3、通过set 命令查看配置参数

QUOTE:

rommon 2 > set

PS1=rommon ! >

BOOT=

BSI=0

RET_2_RTS=

?=0

4、在 rommon 状态下输入：（注意大小写）

QUOTE:

rommon 3 >IP_ADDRESS＝10.32.10.1 (路由器的ip地址)

rommon 4 >IP_SUBNET_MASK＝255.255.255.0 （路由器的掩码）

rommon 5 >DEFAULT_GATEWAY＝10.32.10.32 （缺省网关，是pc机的ip地址）

rommon 6 >TFTP_SERVER＝10.32.10.32 （是pc机的ip地址）

rommon 7 >TFTP_FILE＝C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN （上传ios文件的名称）

rommon 8>sync （保存参数配置）

rommon 9 >set （查看）

rommon 10 > set

PS1=rommon ! >

BOOT=

IP_ADDRESS=10.32.10.1

IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.255.0

DEFAULT_GATEWAY=10.32.10.32

TFTP_SERVER=10.32.10.32

TFTP_FILE=C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN

BSI=0

RET_2_RTS=

?=0

rommon 11 >tftpdnld

执行tftpdnld命令进行ios升级，有时可能会报错或命令不执行，这时只要用sync命令保存配置后，重新启动路由器（最好关掉电源再开机）后，再执行tftpdnld命令就可以了。

QUOTE:

rommon 11 >tftpdnld（传送文件）出现提示选择y

IP_ADDRESS: 10.32.10.1

IP_SUBNET_MASK: 255.255.255.0

DEFAULT_GATEWAY: 10.32.10.32

TFTP_SERVER: 10.32.10.32

TFTP_FILE: C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN

Invoke this command for disaster recovery only.

WARNING: all existing data in all partitions on flash will be lost!

Do you wish to continue? y/n: [n]: y

Receiving C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN from 10.32.10.32!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

…

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

File reception completed.

Copying file C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN to flash.

Erasing flash at 0x607c0000

program flash location 0x605b0000

rommon 13 >

在rommon 13 >提示符下键入reset，或重新启动路由器（power-cycle）,进入正常引导状态，即：