什么是Spring MVC?
Spring Web MVC是基于Servlet API构建的原始Web框架,从一开始就包含在Spring Framework中。正式名称“Spring Web MVC”来自其源模块的名称( spring-webmvc ),但它通常被称为“Spring MVC”。
手写Spring MVC(一)
创建项目
创建父工程 [ 选择9号模板 :site-simple],命名为shop(以商城为例子)
创建子工程 [ 选择10号模板:webapp],命名为shop-web
创建子工程 [ 选择7号模板:quickstart],命名为shop-mvc
依赖准备
servlet-api
<dependency><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId><artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId><version>4.0.1</version><scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
lombok
<dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><version>1.18.24</version>
</dependency>
编译插件
<build><finalName>shop_web</finalName><pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (maybe moved to parent pom) --><plugins><!--这个插件就是java类生成class的编译插件--><plugin><artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId><configuration><!--编译参数--><compilerArgument>-parameters</compilerArgument><source>1.8</source><target>1.8</target></configuration></plugin></plugins></pluginManagement>
</build>
创建文件
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在shop-web工程下创建以下目录
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在mvc工程下创建以下目录
文件详解
mvc工程
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cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.annotation:主要是注解,包括控制器、路由映射、配置
- cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.annotation.Controller
java">package cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.annotation;import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; import java.lang.annotation.Retention; import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; import java.lang.annotation.Target;@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) public @interface Controller { }
- cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.annotation.RequestMapping
java">package cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.annotation;import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; import java.lang.annotation.Retention; import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; import java.lang.annotation.Target;@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) public @interface RequestMapping {String value(); }
- cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.annotation.Configuration
java">package cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.annotation;import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; import java.lang.annotation.Retention; import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; import java.lang.annotation.Target;@Target({ElementType.TYPE}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) public @interface Configuration {String value(); }
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cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.canstant:包含了常见的错误码和错误信息
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cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.canstant.ResponseCodeInterface
java">package cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.constant;public interface ResponseCodeInterface {int getCode();String getMessage();void setCode(int code);void setMessage(String message); }
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cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.canstant.ResponseCode
java">package cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.constant;public enum ResponseCode implements ResponseCodeInterface {CONFIG_EXCEPTION(100, "config的配置信息出错"),CONFIGURATION_EXCEPTION(101, "需要配置Configuration这个注解"),CLASS_FILE_EXCEPTION(102, "class文件转换异常"),REQUEST_MAPPING_PATH_EXCEPTION(103, "RequestMapping地址设置有误"),REQUEST_PATH_EXCEPTION(104, "uri映射错误"),EXCEPTION_CONFIG_EXCEPTION(105, "未配置全局异常的路径"),ADVISER_CONFIG_EXCEPTION(106, "未配置处理器的路径");private int code;private String message;ResponseCode(int code, String message) {this.code = code;this.message = message;}@Overridepublic int getCode() {return code;}@Overridepublic String getMessage() {return message;}@Overridepublic void setCode(int code) {this.code = code;}@Overridepublic void setMessage(String message) {this.message = message;} }
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cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.container:容器,用于存储项目启动之后创建的BeanDefinition对象
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cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.container.BeanContainer
java">package cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.container;import cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.model.BeanDefinition; import lombok.Getter;import java.util.Map; import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;public class BeanContainer {@Getterprivate static Map<String, BeanDefinition<?>> maps = null;static {maps = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();} }
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cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.exception:异常类,用于处理异常
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cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.exception.FrameWorkException
java">package cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.exception;import lombok.AllArgsConstructor; import lombok.Data;@AllArgsConstructor @Datapublic class FrameWorkException extends RuntimeException {private int code;private String message; }
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cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.listener:监听器,主要作用是在项目启动时扫描controller下的文件生成BeanDefinition对象
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cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.listener.ApplicationListener
java">package cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.listener;import cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.annotation.Configuration; import cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.annotation.RequestMapping; import cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.constant.ResponseCode; import cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.container.BeanContainer; import cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.exception.FrameWorkException; import cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.model.BeanDefinition; import cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.model.MethodDefinition; import cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.model.ParameterDefinition;import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent; import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener; import java.io.File; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.lang.reflect.Parameter; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map;public class ApplicationListener implements ServletContextListener {@Overridepublic void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {/** 扫描web项目的Controller层* 封装成类描述类的对象* 添加到容器中 -- Key(父级uri+子级uri) Value(类描述类的对象)*/ServletContext servletContext = sce.getServletContext();String config = servletContext.getInitParameter("config");//cn.cnmd.config.AppConfigif (config == null) {throw new FrameWorkException(ResponseCode.CONFIG_EXCEPTION.getCode(), ResponseCode.CONFIG_EXCEPTION.getMessage());}//获取配置类的class对象Class<?> configurationClass = getConfiguration(config);//通过配置类的class对象拿到 AppConfig注解 中的cn.cnmd.controllerString controllerPosition = getControllerPosition(configurationClass);//D:\Desktop\code\apache-tomcat-8.0.49\webapps\ROOT\WEB-INF\classes\cn\cnmd\controllerString controllerAbsolutePath = getControllerAbsolutePath(servletContext, controllerPosition);//获取controller文件夹下所有的文件List<File> fileList = new ArrayList<>();findFileByPath(fileList, controllerAbsolutePath);//文件对象集合 --> class对象集合List<Class<?>> classes = transformTo(servletContext, fileList);//封装成类描述类的对象: BeanDefinition -> MethodDefinition -> ParameterDefinitionhandleController(classes);}/*** 通过web.xml的配置* <context-param>* <param-name>config</param-name>* <param-value>cn.cnmd.config.AppConfig</param-value>* </context-param>* 参数 [config] 获取的 [cn.cnmd.config.AppConfig] 获取配置文件类的class对象** @param config [cn.cnmd.config.AppConfig]* @return class对象*/public Class<?> getConfiguration(String config) {try {return Class.forName(config);} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}/*** 通过配置文件类的class对象获取注解中的controller的类的全限定名 [cn.cnmd.controller]** @param configurationClass 配置文件类的class对象* @return controller的类的全限定名*/public String getControllerPosition(Class<?> configurationClass) {Configuration annotation = configurationClass.getAnnotation(Configuration.class);if (annotation == null) {throw new FrameWorkException(ResponseCode.CONFIGURATION_EXCEPTION.getCode(), ResponseCode.CONFIGURATION_EXCEPTION.getMessage());}return annotation.value();}/*** 通过配置文件类 [AppConfig] 的注解信息 [cn.cnmd.controller] 获取controller包的发布路径** @param servletContext servlet上下文对象* @param controllerPosition 配置文件类 [AppConfig] 的注解信息 [cn.cnmd.controller]* @return controller包的发布路径*/public String getControllerAbsolutePath(ServletContext servletContext, String controllerPosition) {//D:\Desktop\code\apache-tomcat-8.0.49\webapps\ROOT\WEB-INF\classesString absolutePath = servletContext.getRealPath("WEB-INF" + File.separator + "classes");controllerPosition = controllerPosition.replace(".", File.separator);return absolutePath + File.separator + controllerPosition;}/*** 通过controller包路径找到路径下所有文件对象** @param fileList 文件对象集合* @param controllerAbsolutePath controller包的发布路径*/public void findFileByPath(List<File> fileList, String controllerAbsolutePath) {File file = new File(controllerAbsolutePath);File[] files = file.listFiles();if (files != null) {for (File f : files) {if (f.isDirectory()) {findFileByPath(fileList, f.getAbsolutePath());} else if (f.isFile()) {fileList.add(f);}}}}public List<Class<?>> transformTo(ServletContext servletContext, List<File> fileList) {List<Class<?>> classes = new ArrayList<>();for (File file : fileList) {//D:\Desktop\code\apache-tomcat-8.0.49\webapps\ROOT\WEB-INF\classes\cn\cnmd\controller\UserController.classString classPath = file.getAbsolutePath();String absolutePath = servletContext.getRealPath("WEB-INF" + File.separator + "classes");//cn\cnmd\controller\UserController.class --> cn.cnmd.controller.UserControllerclassPath = classPath.substring(absolutePath.length() + 1).split("\\.")[0].replace("\\", ".");System.out.println(classPath);Class<?> clazz = null;try {clazz = Class.forName(classPath);} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}classes.add(clazz);}return classes;}public void handleController(List<Class<?>> classes) {Map<String, BeanDefinition<?>> maps = BeanContainer.getMaps();for (Class<?> clazz : classes) {try {//父级url requestMappingPath --> requestMapping.value()RequestMapping requestMapping = clazz.getAnnotation(RequestMapping.class);String requestMappingPath1 = requestMapping.value();//类名 beanName --> clazz.getName()String beanName = clazz.getName();//controller的类对象 t --> clazz.newInstance()Object t = clazz.newInstance();//方法描述对象Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods();for (Method method : methods) {method.setAccessible(true);if (!method.isAnnotationPresent(RequestMapping.class)) {continue;}RequestMapping requestMapping1 = method.getAnnotation(RequestMapping.class);//子级url requestMappingPath --> requestMapping1.value()String requestMappingPath2 = requestMapping1.value();//方法名 methodName --> method.getName()String methodName = method.getName();//方法对象 method --> method//返回值类型 returnType --> method.getReturnType()Class<?> returnType = method.getReturnType();//参数描述对象Parameter[] parameters = method.getParameters();List<ParameterDefinition> parameterDefinitions = new ArrayList<>();for (int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {Class<? extends Parameter> paramClass = parameters[i].getClass();//参数名 parameterName --> paramClass.getName()String parameterName = paramClass.getName();//参数类型 type --> paramClass//参数下标 index --> iParameterDefinition parameterDefinition = new ParameterDefinition(parameterName, paramClass, i);parameterDefinitions.add(parameterDefinition);}MethodDefinition methodDefinition = new MethodDefinition(requestMappingPath2, methodName, method, returnType, parameterDefinitions);BeanDefinition<?> beanDefinition = new BeanDefinition<>(requestMappingPath1, beanName, clazz, t, methodDefinition);String route = requestMappingPath1 + File.separator + requestMappingPath2;maps.put(route, beanDefinition);}} catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}} }
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cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.model:类描述类,包括参数描述类、方法描述类、类描述类
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cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.model.ParameterDefinition
java">package cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.model;import com.sun.istack.internal.NotNull; import lombok.AllArgsConstructor; import lombok.Data; import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;/*** 参数描述类*/@NoArgsConstructor @AllArgsConstructor @Data public class ParameterDefinition {private String name;//参数名private Class<?> type;//参数类型private int index;//参数下标 }
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cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.model.MethodDefinition
java">package cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.model;import lombok.AllArgsConstructor; import lombok.Data; import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.util.List;@NoArgsConstructor @AllArgsConstructor @Data public class MethodDefinition {private String requestMappingPath;//子级urlprivate String methodName;//方法名private Method method;//方法对象private Class<?> returnType;//返回值类型private List<ParameterDefinition> parameters;//参数描述列表 }
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cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.model.BeanDefinition
java">package cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.model;import lombok.AllArgsConstructor; import lombok.Data; import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;@NoArgsConstructor @AllArgsConstructor @Data public class BeanDefinition<T> {private String requestMappingPath;//父级urlprivate String name;//类名private Class<?> beanClass;//controller类的class对象private T t;//controller类对象private MethodDefinition methodDefinition;//方法描述对象 }
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web工程
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cn.cnmd.config
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cn.cnmd.config.AppConfig
java">package cn.cnmd.config;import cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration("cn.cnmd.controller") public class AppConfig {}
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cn.cnmd.controller:存放各种controller
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cn.cnmd.controller.UserController
java">package cn.cnmd.controller;import cn.cnmd.pojo.User; import cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.annotation.Controller; import cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.annotation.RequestMapping;@Controller @RequestMapping("user") public class UserController {@RequestMapping("login1")public void login(String username, String password) {}@RequestMapping("login2")public void login(User user) {}public void method(String name){} }
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cn.cnmd.controller.back.AdminController
java">package cn.cnmd.controller.back;import cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.annotation.Controller; import cn.cnmd.shop.mvc.annotation.RequestMapping;@Controller @RequestMapping("admin") public class AdminController {@RequestMapping("login")public void login(String name, String password){} }
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cn.cnmd.pojo:用于存放web项目中的JavaBean对象
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cn.cnmd.pojo.User
java">package cn.cnmd.pojo;import lombok.AllArgsConstructor; import lombok.Data; import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;@NoArgsConstructor @AllArgsConstructor @Data public class User {String name;int age;String sex; }
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ApplicationContextListener扫描过程(个人理解)
roller
@RequestMapping(“admin”)
public class AdminController {
@RequestMapping("login")public void login(String name, String password){}}```
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cn.cnmd.pojo:用于存放web项目中的JavaBean对象
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cn.cnmd.pojo.User
java">package cn.cnmd.pojo;import lombok.AllArgsConstructor; import lombok.Data; import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;@NoArgsConstructor @AllArgsConstructor @Data public class User {String name;int age;String sex; }
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ApplicationContextListener扫描过程(个人理解)
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