Spring Boot既打jar包又打war包如何做

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引言

在软件开发中，根据不同的部署需求，我们可能需要将应用打包成不同的格式。Spring Boot作为目前流行的Java应用开发框架，提供了一种简单的方式来打包应用。本文将介绍如何利用Maven Profiles在Spring Boot项目中灵活地打包成jar包或war包。

Maven Profiles简介

Maven Profiles是Maven提供的一种功能，允许用户根据不同的需求定义不同的构建配置。通过Profiles，我们可以轻松切换构建配置，而无需修改项目本身的配置。

Spring Boot与Maven结合

Spring Boot通过SpringBootServletInitializer类支持传统的Servlet容器部署。结合Maven Profiles，我们可以定义两种不同的打包方式：jar和war。

示例项目配置

以下是示例项目的Maven配置，展示了如何根据不同的Profiles来打包Spring Boot应用。

项目主类

public class PlatformLocalApplication extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
    @Override
    protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder builder) {
        return builder.sources(PlatformLocalApplication.class);
    }
}

当打包成war包时，此主类是必需的，以便应用可以在传统的Servlet容器中运行。

Maven配置

<packaging>${project.package}</packaging>

这里使用了Maven的属性替换功能，根据激活的Profile动态设置打包类型。

Jar Profile配置

<profile>
            <!--  mvn clean install -Dmaven.test.skip=true -Pjar  -->
            <id>jar</id>
            <!-- 激活这个profile为默认profile ,即默认clean install打jar包    -->
            <activation>
                <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
            </activation>
            <properties>
                <project.package>jar</project.package>
            </properties>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
            <build>
                <resources>
                    <resource>
                        <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                        <filtering>true</filtering>
                    </resource>
                </resources>
                <plugins>
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>com.github.shalousun</groupId>
                        <artifactId>smart-doc-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    </plugin>
                    <!-- compile plugin -->
                    <plugin>
                        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                        <configuration>
                            <source>1.8</source>
                            <target>1.8</target>
                            <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                        </configuration>
                    </plugin>
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                        <configuration>
                            <skip>true</skip>
                        </configuration>
                    </plugin>
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                        <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                        <version>2.6</version>
                    </plugin>
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                        <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
                        <configuration>
                            <excludes>
                                <exclude>application.yml</exclude>
                            </excludes>
                        </configuration>
                    </plugin>
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                        <version>${springboot.version}</version>
                        <executions>
                            <execution>
                                <goals>
                                    <goal>repackage</goal>
                                </goals>
                                <configuration>
                                    <classifier>exec</classifier>
                                </configuration>
                            </execution>
                        </executions>
                    </plugin>
                    <!-- 过滤后缀不需要转码的文件后缀名 pdf -->
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                        <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                        <configuration>
                            <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                            <useDefaultDelimiters>false</useDefaultDelimiters>
                            <nonFilteredFileExtensions>
                                <nonFilteredFileExtension>pdf</nonFilteredFileExtension>
                            </nonFilteredFileExtensions>
                        </configuration>
                    </plugin>
                </plugins>
                <finalName>platform-local</finalName>
            </build>
        </profile>

这个Profile是默认激活的，用于打包成jar格式。

War Profile配置

<!--  SpringBoot打war包,需要让主程序类 继承 SpringBootServletInitializer,并重写configure方法    -->
        <profile>
            <!--  mvn clean install -Dmaven.test.skip=true -Pwar  -->
            <id>war</id>
            <properties>
                <project.package>war</project.package>
            </properties>
            <dependencies>
                <!--  打war包要排除内嵌tomcat;并加上javax.servlet包   -->
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
                    <exclusions>
                        <exclusion>
                            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
                            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                        </exclusion>
                    </exclusions>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                    <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
                    <version>3.1.0</version>
                    <scope>provided</scope>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>javax.websocket</groupId>
                    <artifactId>javax.websocket-api</artifactId>
                    <version>1.1</version>
                    <scope>provided</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
            <build>
                <resources>
                    <resource>
                        <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                        <filtering>true</filtering>
                    </resource>
                </resources>
                <finalName>platform-local</finalName>
                <plugins>
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                        <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                        <version>3.2.0</version>
                    </plugin>
                </plugins>
            </build>
        </profile>

这个Profile用于打包成war格式，需要通过命令行参数-Pwar来激活。

打包命令

打包成jar包：

mvn clean install -Dmaven.test.skip=true -Pjar

打包成war包：

mvn clean install -Dmaven.test.skip=true -Pwar

结语

通过Maven Profiles，我们可以非常灵活地控制Spring Boot项目的打包过程。无论是需要快速部署的jar包，还是需要在传统Servlet容器中运行的war包，都可以轻松实现。希望本文能够帮助开发者更好地利用Maven和Spring Boot的强大功能。

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