OpenStack简介

news/2024/11/13 4:30:43/

OpenStack简介

  • 架构：
  • 核心概念描述：
  • 安装openstack脚本

架构：

OpenStack 采用分布式架构，由多个组件组成。以下是 OpenStack 核心组件的描述：

  1. Nova（计算服务）： Nova 负责管理和调度计算资源，包括虚拟机实例的创建、销毁和监控。它提供了弹性的计算能力，支持自动扩展和负载均衡。
  2. Neutron（网络服务）： Neutron 提供了网络服务，包括虚拟网络的创建、管理和连接。它支持软件定义网络（SDN）技术，允许用户自定义网络拓扑，并提供安全组和防火墙等网络安全功能。
  3. Cinder（块存储服务）： Cinder 提供了块存储服务，允许用户创建和管理持久化的块存储设备，用于虚拟机实例的数据存储和持久化。
  4. Swift（对象存储服务）： Swift 是一个分布式对象存储系统，可用于存储大规模的非结构化数据。它提供了高可用性和可扩展性，并支持数据冗余和数据备份。
  5. Keystone（身份认证服务）： Keystone 提供了身份认证和授权服务，用于管理用户、角色和权限。它提供了单一登录（SSO）和身份验证服务，用于保护和管理其他 OpenStack 服务。
  6. Glance（镜像服务）： Glance 提供了虚拟机镜像的存储和管理功能。它允许用户上传、注册和检索镜像，用于虚拟机实例的创建和部署。

核心概念描述：

  • 虚拟机实例（Instance）： 在 OpenStack 中，虚拟机实例是基于虚拟化技术创建的虚拟机，用于运行用户的应用程序和服务。
  • 网络（Network）： OpenStack 提供了灵活的网络服务，可以创建和管理虚拟网络，包括子网、路由和安全组等。
  • 块存储（Block Storage）： Cinder 提供了块存储服务，用户可以创建和管理持久化的块存储设备，用于虚拟机实例的数据存储和持久化。
  • 对象存储（Object Storage）： Swift 是一个分布式对象存储系统，用于存储非结构。
  • 镜像（Image）： Glance 提供了镜像服务，用户可以上传、注册和检索镜像。镜像是虚拟机的模板，用于创建虚拟机实例。用户可以选择现有的镜像或创建自定义的镜像。
  • 项目（Project）和租户（Tenant）： OpenStack 中的项目或租户是资源的隔离单位。每个项目都有自己的资源配额和权限控制。用户可以属于一个或多个项目，并在项目中创建和管理资源。
  • 弹性伸缩（Elastic Scaling）： OpenStack 支持自动扩展和弹性伸缩功能。用户可以根据负载情况自动调整计算资源，以适应需求的变化。这允许根据需求增加或减少虚拟机实例的数量。
  • 负载均衡（Load Balancing）： OpenStack 提供了负载均衡服务，允许将流量均匀分配到多个虚拟机实例上，以提高应用程序的可靠性和性能。
  • 计算节点（Compute Node）： 计算节点是物理主机或虚拟机，用于运行虚拟机实例。Nova 负责管理和调度计算节点上的计算资源。
  • 控制节点（Control Node）： 控制节点是 OpenStack 的管理节点，负责协调和管理整个 OpenStack 环境。它运行各个核心服务组件，如 Nova、Neutron、Keystone 等。
  • 元数据服务（Metadata Service）： 元数据服务提供了虚拟机实例的动态信息，如 IP 地址、主机名等。虚拟机实例可以通过元数据服务获取其运行时的信息。
  • 身份提供者（Identity Provider）： 身份提供者是用于身份验证和授权的外部系统，如 LDAP、Active Directory 等。Keystone 支持与身份提供者集成，以实现统一的身份管理。

安装openstack脚本

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/mk97xpvGaTm9LUb6GJmTGA

#!/usr/bin/env bash# openstack pike 单机 一键安装
# 环境 centos 7.4.1708 x86_64[[ $(uname -r) = *el7* ]] && { echo '开启安装openstack pike'; } || {echo '请在CentOS7.4 环境运行'exit
}##########################################
#参数#获取第一块网卡名、ip地址
Net=$(ip add | grep -E global | awk '{ print $NF }' | head -n 1)
IP=$(ip add | grep global | awk -F'[ /]+' '{ print $3 }' | head -n 1)
echo "网卡名称:$Net"
echo "IP地址:  $IP"#参数
DBPass=elven2017    #SQL root密码
Node=controller     #节点名
Netname=$Net        #网卡名称
MyIP=$IP            #IP地址
VncProxy=$IP        #VNC代理外网IP地址
Imgdir=/date/glance #自定义glance镜像目录
VHD=/date/nova      #自定义Nova实例路径
Kvm=qemu            #QEMU或KVM ,KVM需要硬件支持##########################################
#1、设置echo '关闭selinux、防火墙'
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
firewall-cmd --state
sed -i '/^SELINUX=.*/c SELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config
sed -i 's/^SELINUXTYPE=.*/SELINUXTYPE=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
grep --color=auto '^SELINUX' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0echo '时间同步'
/usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp6.aliyun.com
echo "*/3 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp6.aliyun.com  &> /dev/null" >/tmp/crontab
crontab /tmp/crontabecho '设置hostname'
hostnamectl set-hostname $Node
echo "$SetIP   $Node" >>/etc/hostsecho '自定义openstack源'
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/Ali-pike.repo http://elven.vip/ks/openstack/Ali-pike.repo
yum clean all && yum makecache #生成缓存##########################################
#2 安装function installrpm() {echo 'OpenStack tools 安装'yum install -y python-openstackclient openstack-selinux \python2-PyMySQL openstack-utilsecho 'MariaDB安装'yum install mariadb mariadb-server mariadb-galera-server -yyum install expect -yecho 'RabbitMQ安装'yum install rabbitmq-server erlang socat -yecho 'Keystone安装'yum install -y openstack-keystone httpd mod_wsgi memcached python-memcachedyum install apr apr-util -yecho '安装Glance'yum install -y openstack-glance python-glanceecho '安装nova'yum install -y openstack-nova-api openstack-nova-conductor \openstack-nova-console openstack-nova-novncproxy \openstack-nova-scheduler openstack-nova-placement-api \openstack-nova-computeecho '安装neutron'yum install -y openstack-neutron openstack-neutron-ml2 \openstack-neutron-linuxbridge python-neutronclient ebtables ipsetecho '安装dashboard'yum install openstack-dashboard -y
}echo '安装openstack'
installrpm
echo '再次安装，防止下载失败'
installrpm##########################################
#3、配置# #------------------#####################
echo 'SQL数据库配置'
cp /etc/my.cnf.d/openstack.cnf{,.bak}
echo "#
[mysqld]
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
default-storage-engine = innodb
innodb_file_per_table
max_connections = 4096
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
character-set-server = utf8
#" >/etc/my.cnf.d/openstack.cnf
echo '启动数据库服务'
systemctl enable mariadb.service
systemctl start mariadb.service
sleep 5
netstat -antp | grep mysqld
#mysql_secure_installation #初始化设置密码,自动交互
[[ -f /usr/bin/expect ]] || { yum install expect -y; } #若没expect则安装
/usr/bin/expect <<EOF
set timeout 30
spawn mysql_secure_installation
expect {"enter for none" { send "\r"; exp_continue}"Y/n" { send "Y\r" ; exp_continue}"password:" { send "$DBPass\r"; exp_continue}"new password:" { send "$DBPass\r"; exp_continue}"Y/n" { send "Y\r" ; exp_continue}eof { exit }
}
EOF
#测试
mysql -u root -p$DBPass -e "show databases;"
[ $? = 0 ] || {echo "mariadb初始化失败"exit
}echo '创建数据库、用户授权'
mysql -u root -p$DBPass -e "
create database keystone;
grant all privileges on keystone.* to 'keystone'@'localhost' identified by 'keystone';
grant all privileges on keystone.* to 'keystone'@'%' identified by 'keystone';
create database glance;
grant all privileges on glance.* to 'glance'@'localhost' identified by 'glance';
grant all privileges on glance.* to 'glance'@'%' identified by 'glance';create database nova;
grant all privileges on nova.* to 'nova'@'localhost' identified by 'nova';
grant all privileges on nova.* to 'nova'@'%' identified by 'nova';
create database nova_api;
grant all privileges on nova_api.* to 'nova'@'localhost' identified by 'nova';
grant all privileges on nova_api.* to 'nova'@'%' identified by 'nova';
create database nova_cell0;
grant all privileges on nova_cell0.* to 'nova'@'localhost' identified by 'nova';
grant all privileges on nova_cell0.* to 'nova'@'%' identified by 'nova';create database neutron;
grant all privileges on neutron.* to 'neutron'@'localhost' identified by 'neutron';
grant all privileges on neutron.* to 'neutron'@'%' identified by 'neutron';flush privileges;
select user,host from mysql.user;
show databases;
"
#
# #------------------#####################
echo 'RabbitMQ配置'
systemctl enable rabbitmq-server.service
systemctl start rabbitmq-server.service
sleep 3
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management #启动web插件端口15672
#添加用户及密码
rabbitmqctl add_user admin admin
rabbitmqctl set_user_tags admin administrator
rabbitmqctl add_user openstack openstack
rabbitmqctl set_permissions openstack ".*" ".*" ".*"
rabbitmqctl set_user_tags openstack administrator
systemctl restart rabbitmq-server.service
sleep 3
netstat -antp | grep '5672'# #------------------#####################
#Keystone
#memcached启动
cp /etc/sysconfig/memcached{,.bak}
systemctl enable memcached.service
systemctl start memcached.service
netstat -antp | grep 11211echo 'Keystone 配置'
cp /etc/keystone/keystone.conf{,.bak} #备份默认配置
Keys=$(openssl rand -hex 10)          #生成随机密码
echo "$Keys"
echo "kestone  $Keys" >/root/openstack.log
echo "
[DEFAULT]
admin_token = $Keys
verbose = true
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://keystone:keystone@controller/keystone
[token]
provider = fernet
driver = memcache
[memcache]
servers = controller:11211
" >/etc/keystone/keystone.conf#初始化身份认证服务的数据库
su -s /bin/sh -c "keystone-manage db_sync" keystone
#检查表是否创建成功
mysql -h controller -ukeystone -pkeystone -e "use keystone;show tables;"
#初始化密钥存储库
keystone-manage fernet_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone
keystone-manage credential_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone
#设置admin用户（管理用户）和密码
keystone-manage bootstrap --bootstrap-password admin \--bootstrap-admin-url http://controller:35357/v3/ \--bootstrap-internal-url http://controller:5000/v3/ \--bootstrap-public-url http://controller:5000/v3/ \--bootstrap-region-id RegionOne#apache配置
cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf{,.bak}
echo "ServerName controller" >>/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
ln -s /usr/share/keystone/wsgi-keystone.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/#Apache HTTP 启动并设置开机自启动
systemctl enable httpd.service
systemctl restart httpd.service
sleep 3
netstat -antp | grep -E ':5000|:35357|:80'#创建 OpenStack 客户端环境脚本
#admin环境脚本
echo "
export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=default
export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=default
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin
export OS_USERNAME=admin
export OS_PASSWORD=admin
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:35357/v3
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2
" >./admin-openstack.sh
#测试脚本是否生效
source ./admin-openstack.sh
openstack token issue#创建service项目,创建glance,nova,neutron用户，并授权
openstack project create --domain default --description "Service Project" service
openstack user create --domain default --password=glance glance
openstack role add --project service --user glance admin
openstack user create --domain default --password=nova nova
openstack role add --project service --user nova admin
openstack user create --domain default --password=neutron neutron
openstack role add --project service --user neutron admin#创建demo项目(普通用户密码及角色)
openstack project create --domain default --description "Demo Project" demo
openstack user create --domain default --password=demo demo
openstack role create user
openstack role add --project demo --user demo user
#demo环境脚本
echo "
export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=default
export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=default
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=demo
export OS_USERNAME=demo
export OS_PASSWORD=demo
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:5000/v3
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2
" >./demo-openstack.sh
#测试脚本是否生效
source ./demo-openstack.sh
openstack token issue# #------------------#####################
echo 'Glance镜像服务'
# keystone上服务注册 ,创建glance服务实体,API端点（公有、私有、admin）
source ./admin-openstack.sh || {echo "加载前面设置的admin-openstack.sh环境变量脚本"exit
}
openstack service create --name glance --description "OpenStack Image" image
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image public http://controller:9292
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image internal http://controller:9292
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image admin http://controller:9292cp /etc/glance/glance-api.conf{,.bak}
cp /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf{,.bak}
# images默认/var/lib/glance/images/
#Imgdir=/date/glance
mkdir -p $Imgdir
chown glance:nobody $Imgdir
echo "镜像目录： $Imgdir"
echo "#
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:glance@controller/glance
[keystone_authtoken]
auth_uri = http://controller:5000/v3
auth_url = http://controller:35357/v3
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = glance
password = glance
[paste_deploy]
flavor = keystone
[glance_store]
stores = file,http
default_store = file
filesystem_store_datadir = $Imgdir
#" >/etc/glance/glance-api.conf
#
echo "#
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:glance@controller/glance
[keystone_authtoken]
auth_uri = http://controller:5000/v3
auth_url = http://controller:35357/v3
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = glance
password = glance
[paste_deploy]
flavor = keystone
#" >/etc/glance/glance-registry.conf#同步数据库,检查数据库
su -s /bin/sh -c "glance-manage db_sync" glance
mysql -h controller -u glance -pglance -e "use glance;show tables;"#启动服务并设置开机自启动
systemctl enable openstack-glance-api openstack-glance-registry
systemctl start openstack-glance-api openstack-glance-registry
netstat -antp | grep -E '9292|9191' #检测服务端口# #------------------#####################
#创建Nova数据库、用户、认证，前面已设置
source ./admin-openstack.sh# keystone上服务注册 ,创建nova用户、服务、API
# nova用户前面已建
openstack service create --name nova --description "OpenStack Compute" compute
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne compute public http://controller:8774/v2.1
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne compute internal http://controller:8774/v2.1
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne compute admin http://controller:8774/v2.1
#创建placement用户、服务、API
openstack user create --domain default --password=placement placement
openstack role add --project service --user placement admin
openstack service create --name placement --description "Placement API" placement
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne placement public http://controller:8778
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne placement internal http://controller:8778
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne placement admin http://controller:8778mkdir -p $VHD
chown -R nova:nova $VHD
echo 'nova配置'
echo '#
[DEFAULT]
instances_path='$VHD'
enabled_apis = osapi_compute,metadata
transport_url = rabbit://openstack:openstack@controller
my_ip = '"$MyIP"'
use_neutron = True
firewall_driver = nova.virt.firewall.NoopFirewallDriver
osapi_compute_listen_port=8774[api_database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://nova:nova@controller/nova_api
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://nova:nova@controller/nova[api]
auth_strategy = keystone
[keystone_authtoken]
auth_uri = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:35357
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = nova
password = nova[vnc]
enabled = true
vncserver_listen = $my_ip
vncserver_proxyclient_address = $my_ip
novncproxy_base_url = http://'"$VncProxy"':6080/vnc_auto.html[glance]
api_servers = http://controller:9292
[oslo_concurrency]
lock_path = /var/lib/nova/tmp[placement]
os_region_name = RegionOne
project_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
auth_type = password
user_domain_name = Default
auth_url = http://controller:35357/v3
username = placement
password = placement[scheduler]
discover_hosts_in_cells_interval = 300[libvirt]
virt_type = '$Kvm'
#' >/etc/nova/nova.confecho "#Placement API
<Directory /usr/bin><IfVersion >= 2.4>Require all granted</IfVersion><IfVersion < 2.4>Order allow,denyAllow from all</IfVersion>
</Directory>
" >>/etc/httpd/conf.d/00-nova-placement-api.conf
systemctl restart httpd
sleep 5#同步数据库
su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage api_db sync" nova
su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage cell_v2 map_cell0" nova
su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage cell_v2 create_cell --name=cell1 --verbose" nova
su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage db sync" nova#检测数据
nova-manage cell_v2 list_cells
mysql -h controller -u nova -pnova -e "use nova_api;show tables;"
mysql -h controller -u nova -pnova -e "use nova;show tables;"
mysql -h controller -u nova -pnova -e "use nova_cell0;show tables;"
# #------------------#####################echo 'Neutron服务'
source ./admin-openstack.sh
# 创建Neutron服务实体,API端点
openstack service create --name neutron --description "OpenStack Networking" network
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne network public http://controller:9696
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne network internal http://controller:9696
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne network admin http://controller:9696#Neutron 备份配置
cp /etc/neutron/neutron.conf{,.bak2}
cp /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini{,.bak}
ln -s /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini /etc/neutron/plugin.ini
cp /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini{,.bak}
cp /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini{,.bak}
cp /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini{,.bak}
cp /etc/neutron/l3_agent.ini{,.bak}#配置
echo '
#
[neutron]
url = http://controller:9696
auth_url = http://controller:35357
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
region_name = RegionOne
project_name = service
username = neutron
password = neutron
service_metadata_proxy = true
metadata_proxy_shared_secret = metadata
#' >>/etc/nova/nova.conf
#
echo '
[DEFAULT]
nova_metadata_ip = controller
metadata_proxy_shared_secret = metadata
#' >/etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini
#
echo '#
[ml2]
tenant_network_types =
type_drivers = vlan,flat
mechanism_drivers = linuxbridge
extension_drivers = port_security
[ml2_type_flat]
flat_networks = provider
[securitygroup]
enable_ipset = True
#' >/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini
echo '#
[linux_bridge]
physical_interface_mappings = provider:'"$Netname"'
[vxlan]
enable_vxlan = false[agent]
prevent_arp_spoofing = True
[securitygroup]
firewall_driver = neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver
enable_security_group = True
#' >/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini
#
echo '#
[DEFAULT]
interface_driver = linuxbridge
dhcp_driver = neutron.agent.linux.dhcp.Dnsmasq
enable_isolated_metadata = true
#' >/etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini
#
echo '
[DEFAULT]
core_plugin = ml2
service_plugins = router
allow_overlapping_ips = true
transport_url = rabbit://openstack:openstack@controller
auth_strategy = keystone
notify_nova_on_port_status_changes = true
notify_nova_on_port_data_changes = true[keystone_authtoken]
auth_uri = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:35357
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = neutron
password = neutron[nova]
auth_url = http://controller:35357
auth_plugin = password
project_domain_id = default
user_domain_id = default
region_name = RegionOne
project_name = service
username = nova
password = nova[database]
connection = mysql://neutron:neutron@controller:3306/neutron[oslo_concurrency]
lock_path = /var/lib/neutron/tmp
#' >/etc/neutron/neutron.conf
#
echo '
[DEFAULT]
interface_driver = linuxbridge
#' >/etc/neutron/l3_agent.ini
#
#同步数据库
su -s /bin/sh -c "neutron-db-manage --config-file /etc/neutron/neutron.conf \--config-file /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini upgrade head" neutron
#检测数据
mysql -h controller -u neutron -pneutron -e "use neutron;show tables;"# #------------------#####################
#dashboardecho '配置openstack Web'
cp /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings{,.bak}
Setfiles=/etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings
sed -i 's#_member_#user#g' $Setfiles
sed -i 's#OPENSTACK_HOST = "127.0.0.1"#OPENSTACK_HOST = "controller"#' $Setfiles
##允许所有主机访问#
sed -i "/ALLOWED_HOSTS/cALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*', ]" $Setfiles
#去掉memcached注释#
sed -in '153,158s/#//' $Setfiles
sed -in '160,164s/.*/#&/' $Setfiles
sed -i 's#UTC#Asia/Shanghai#g' $Setfiles
sed -i 's#%s:5000/v2.0#%s:5000/v3#' $Setfiles
sed -i '/ULTIDOMAIN_SUPPORT/cOPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_MULTIDOMAIN_SUPPORT = True' $Setfiles
sed -i "s@^#OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_DEFAULT@OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_DEFAULT@" $Setfiles
echo '
#set
OPENSTACK_API_VERSIONS = {"identity": 3,"image": 2,"volume": 2,
}
#' >>$Setfiles
systemctl restart httpd
sleep 5##########################################echo '启动服务'
#Apache
systemctl enable httpd.service
#systemctl restart httpd haproxy
#netstat -antp|egrep 'httpd'#glance服务
systemctl enable openstack-glance-api openstack-glance-registry
systemctl restart openstack-glance-api openstack-glance-registry#nova服务
systemctl enable openstack-nova-api.service \openstack-nova-consoleauth.service openstack-nova-scheduler.service \openstack-nova-conductor.service openstack-nova-novncproxy.service \libvirtd.service openstack-nova-compute.service
#启动
systemctl start openstack-nova-api.service \openstack-nova-consoleauth.service openstack-nova-scheduler.service \openstack-nova-conductor.service openstack-nova-novncproxy.service \libvirtd.service openstack-nova-compute.service#neutron服务
systemctl enable neutron-server.service \neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service neutron-dhcp-agent.service \neutron-metadata-agent.service neutron-l3-agent.service
systemctl start neutron-server.service \neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service neutron-dhcp-agent.service \neutron-metadata-agent.service neutron-l3-agent.service##########################################
#cheackecho "查看节点"
source ./admin-openstack.sh
openstack compute service list
openstack network agent list##########################################
#endecho '
安装完毕！
数据库root密码 '$DBPass'登录Web管理 http://'"$MyIP"'/dashboard
域   default
用户 admin
密码 admin
推荐 firefox浏览器
`

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