MySQL部署PXC集群
一,PXC了解
1.PXC介绍
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Percona XtraDB Cluster(简称PXC)
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是基于Galera的MySQL高可用集群解决方案
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Galera Cluster是Codership公司开发的一套免费开源的高可用方案
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PXC集群主要由两部分组成:Percona Server with XtraDB(数据存储插件)和 Write Set Replication patches(同步、多主复制插件)
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官网:http://galeracluster.com
2.PXC特点
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数据强一致性,无同步延迟(写入主服务器的数据,所有从服务器必须马上也得有)
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没有主从切换操作,无需使用虚拟IP(无需一主多从的结构,无需vip地址)
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支持InnoDB存储引擎
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多线程复制(多线程同步工作)
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部署使用简单
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支持节点自动加入,无需手动拷贝数据(服务器会自动同步宕机期间的数据,无需手动配置)
二,开始部署PXC
1.实施环境
IP地址 | 主机名 |
---|---|
192.168.2.1 | my01 |
192.168.2.2 | my02 |
192.168.2.3 | my03 |
2.设置主机名和主机名解析
每一台都需要做
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname my01
[root@localhost ~]# bash
[root@my01 ~]# vi /etc/hosts
192.168.2.1 my01
192.168.2.2 my02
192.168.2.3 my03
3.安装软件
软件 | 作用 |
---|---|
percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 在线热备程序 |
qpress-1.1-14.11.x86_64.rpm | 递归压缩程序 |
Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-5.7.41-31.65-r654-el7-x86_64-bundle.tar | 集群服务程序 |
1.将所有软件包上传到服务器端(三台相同)
[root@my01 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@my01 src]# wget ftp://ftp.pbone.net/mirror/ftp5.gwdg.de/pub/opensuse/repositories/home%3A/AndreasStieger%3A/branches%3A/Archiving/RedHat_RHEL-6/x86_64/qpress-1.1-14.11.x86_64.rpm
[root@my01 src]# ls
percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-5.7.41-31.65-r654-el7-x86_64-bundle.tar qpress-1.1-14.11.x86_64.rpm#上传
[root@my01 src]# scp /usr/local/src/ 192.168.2.2:/usr/local/
[root@my01 src]# scp /usr/local/src/ 192.168.2.3:/usr/local/
2.安装percoa-xtrabackup(三台相同)
[root@my01 per-cluster]# yum -y install openssl
[root@my01 per-cluster]# yum -y install openssl-devel
[root@my01 src]# yum -y localinstall percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
3.安装qpress(三台相同)
[root@my01 src]# yum -y localinstall qpress-1.1-14.11.x86_64.rpm
4.安装Percona-xtradb-cluster(三台相同)
[root@my01 src]# mkdir per-cluster
[root@my01 src]# tar -xf Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-5.7.41-31.65-r654-el7-x86_64-bundle.tar -C per-cluster/
[root@my01 src]# cd per-cluster/
[root@my01 per-cluster]# ls
Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-57-5.7.41-31.65.1.el7.x86_64.rpm Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-garbd-57-5.7.41-31.65.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-57-debuginfo-5.7.41-31.65.1.el7.x86_64.rpm Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-server-57-5.7.41-31.65.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-client-57-5.7.41-31.65.1.el7.x86_64.rpm Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-shared-57-5.7.41-31.65.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-devel-57-5.7.41-31.65.1.el7.x86_64.rpm Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-shared-compat-57-5.7.41-31.65.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-full-57-5.7.41-31.65.1.el7.x86_64.rpm Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-test-57-5.7.41-31.65.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@my01 per-cluster]# rpm -ivh ./* --nodeps --force
4.修改配置文件
1.修改mysql的配置(三台都需要修改)
[root@my01 per-cluster]# vi /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
# Template my.cnf for PXC
# Edit to your requirements.
[client]
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock[mysqld]
server-id=1 #只需要修改这里 保证每台都不同
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.soc
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
log-bin
log_slave_updates
expire_logs_days=7# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
2.修改PXC集群配置文件(三台都需要修改)
配置要求
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm:// #集群成员列表,3台必须相同
wsrep_node_address=192.168.70.63 #本机IP地址
wsrep_cluster_name=pxc-cluster #集群名称,可自定义,3台必须相同
wsrep_node_name=pxc-cluster-node #本机主机名
wsrep_sst_auth="sstuser:s3cretPass" #SST数据同步用户授权,3台必须相同
1.my01的配置
[root@my03 per-cluster]# vi /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/wsrep.cnf
[mysqld]
# Path to Galera library
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera3/libgalera_smm.so# Cluster connection URL contains IPs of nodes
#If no IP is found, this implies that a new cluster needs to be created,
#in order to do that you need to bootstrap this node
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://192.168.2.1,192.168.2.2,192.168.2.3# In order for Galera to work correctly binlog format should be ROW
binlog_format=ROW# MyISAM storage engine has only experimental support
default_storage_engine=InnoDB# Slave thread to use
wsrep_slave_threads= 8wsrep_log_conflicts# This changes how InnoDB autoincrement locks are managed and is a requirement for Galera
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2# Node IP address
wsrep_node_address=192.168.2.1
# Cluster name
wsrep_cluster_name=pxc-cluster#If wsrep_node_name is not specified, then system hostname will be used
wsrep_node_name=my01#pxc_strict_mode allowed values: DISABLED,PERMISSIVE,ENFORCING,MASTER
pxc_strict_mode=ENFORCING# SST method
wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2#Authentication for SST method
wsrep_sst_auth="sstuser:1234.Com"
将配置文件上传到其他服务器
[root@my01 per-cluster]# scp -p /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/wsrep.cnf 192.168.2.2:/etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/
root@192.168.2.2's password:
wsrep.cnf 100% 1081 1.1KB/s 00:00
[root@my01 per-cluster]# scp -p /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/wsrep.cnf 192.168.2.3:/etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/
root@192.168.2.3's password:
wsrep.cnf
2.my02和my03的配置
[root@my02 per-cluster]# vi /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/wsrep.cnf
wsrep_node_address=192.168.2.2
wsrep_node_name=my02[root@my03 per-cluster]# vi /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/wsrep.cnf
wsrep_node_address=192.168.2.3
wsrep_node_name=my03
5.服务启动
1.在my01上去执行
[root@my01 per-cluster]# systemctl start mysql@bootstrap.service
2.查询MySQL的初始化密码
[root@my01 per-cluster]# grep pass /var/log/mysqld.log
2023-05-30T13:54:20.274979Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: L(sz/!ua,6h0
[root@my01 per-cluster]# mysql -uroot -p'L(sz/!ua,6h0'
mysql> alter user root@"localhost" identified by "123456";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> grant reload,lock tables,replication client,process on *.* to sstuser@"%" identified by "1234.Com";
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
添加授权用户,数据会自动同步到主机my02和03上。reload装载数据的权限;lock tables锁表的权限;replication client查看服务状态的权限;process管理服务的权限(查看进程信息);授权用户和密码必须是配置文件中指定的。
3.其他两台服务上开启MySQL
[root@my02 per-cluster]# systemctl start mysql
三,测试配置
1.查看集群信息
show status like "%wsrep%";
2.测试集群功能
- 在任意一台服务器上添加访问数据的授权用户
- 在客户端使用授权用户连接任意数据库服务器都可以存储数据,且可以查看到同样的数据
- 建表时,必须有主键字段
3.测试集群高可用
- 测试故障自动恢复
- 任何一台数据库服务器宕机都不影响用户存取数据
- 服务器运行后自动同步宕机期间的数据