1 概述
ThreadLocal用于在当前线程中存储数据,由于存储的数据只能在当前线程内使用,所以自然是线程安全的。
Handler体系中,Looper只会存在一个实例,且只在当前线程使用,所以使用ThreadLocal进行存储。
2 存储原理
frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/Looper.java
static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");}sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}public static @Nullable Looper myLooper() {return sThreadLocal.get();
}
Looper类中使用ThreadLocal来存储Looper对象,在调用prepare方法的时候,判断ThreadLocal对象中是否包含Looper对象,如果包含,说明重复调用了prepare,会抛异常。调用myLooper的时候就从ThreadLocal对象中获取Looper对象。
从上面可以看出ThreadLocal类似于一个容器,可以存储一个对象,通过set方法将对象存储到ThreadLocal容器中,通过get从ThreadLocal容器中获取对象。
首先看一下ThreadLocal的构造方法
public ThreadLocal() {
}
是空参构造,没有任何处理
接下来看ThreadLocal的set方法
public void set(T value) {Thread t = Thread.currentThread();ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);if (map != null)map.set(this, value);elsecreateMap(t, value);
}
首先获取当前Thread对象,然后通过Thread对象获取ThreadLocalMap如果map为空,则创建Map,如果map不为空,调用set方法,则将ThreadLocal作为key,元素作为value设置到map中
java/lang/ThreadLocal.java
ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {return t.threadLocals;
}
java/lang/Thread.java
ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null;
每一个Thread对象都持有一个ThreadLocalMap对象,如果该对象没有创建的话,就会调用set里面的createMap进行创建。
java/lang/ThreadLocal.java
void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) {t.threadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue);
}
初始化ThreadLocalMap,传入参数为ThreadLocal对象和Object对象
java/lang/ThreadLocal.java
ThreadLocalMap(ThreadLocal<?> firstKey, Object firstValue) {table = new Entry[INITIAL_CAPACITY];int i = firstKey.threadLocalHashCode & (INITIAL_CAPACITY - 1);table[i] = new Entry(firstKey, firstValue);size = 1;setThreshold(INITIAL_CAPACITY);
}
ThreadLocalMap存储元素采用的是Entry数组,初始容量为16,跟HashMap方式类似,采用2的指数次为数组长度进行hash。
ThreadLocalMap的set方法
private void set(ThreadLocal<?> key, Object value) {// We don't use a fast path as with get() because it is at// least as common to use set() to create new entries as// it is to replace existing ones, in which case, a fast// path would fail more often than not.Entry[] tab = table;int len = tab.length;int i = key.threadLocalHashCode & (len-1);for (Entry e = tab[i];e != null;e = tab[i = nextIndex(i, len)]) {// Android-changed: Use refersTo() (twice).// ThreadLocal<?> k = e.get();// if (k == key) { ... } if (k == null) { ... }if (e.refersTo(key)) {e.value = value;return;}if (e.refersTo(null)) {replaceStaleEntry(key, value, i);return;}}tab[i] = new Entry(key, value);int sz = ++size;if (!cleanSomeSlots(i, sz) && sz >= threshold)rehash();
}
采用hash算法,使用ThreadLocal对象作为Key计算索引,并存入value。
ThreadLocal的get方法
public T get() {Thread t = Thread.currentThread();ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);if (map != null) {ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);if (e != null) {@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")T result = (T)e.value;return result;}}return setInitialValue();
}
首先获取Thread对象,然后获取Thread对象中的ThreadLocalMap对象,然后调用getEntry获取Entry对象,并返回其value。
private Entry getEntry(ThreadLocal<?> key) {int i = key.threadLocalHashCode & (table.length - 1);Entry e = table[i];// Android-changed: Use refersTo().if (e != null && e.refersTo(key))return e;elsereturn getEntryAfterMiss(key, i, e);
}
也是通过hash算法算出索引后返回Entry对象
3 总结
- ThreadLocal用于存储线程私有数据,一个ThreadLocal对象可以存储一个数据
- ThreadLocal实现线程私有是因为存储数据时,存储到Thread类中持有的ThreadLocalMap对象中的Entry数组中,采用哈希算法进行存储,key为ThreadLocal对象,value为T类型
- 由于不同的线程存储到的就是不同的Thread类的ThreadLocalMap中,所以各个线程的ThreadLocalMap独立,自然存储其中的ThreadLocal就是独立的
- 同一个线程中多个ThreadLocal存储多个数据,但存入的是同一个Thread对象的同一个ThreadLocalMap对象中,所以一个线程对应一个Thread对象,对应同一个ThreadLocalMap对象,可以存储多个ThreadLocal数据