基于SpringBoot实现MySQL备份与还原，需求是在页面上对所有的平台数据执行备份和恢复操作，那么就需要使用代码去调用MySQL备份和恢复的指令，下面是具体实现步骤；

MySQL备份表设计

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `mysql_backups` (`id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键id',`mysql_ip` VARCHAR ( 15 ) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '数据库IP',`mysql_port` VARCHAR ( 5 ) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '数据库端口',`mysql_cmd` VARCHAR ( 230 ) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '备份命令',`mysql_back_cmd` VARCHAR ( 230 ) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '恢复命令',`database_name` VARCHAR ( 20 ) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '数据库名称',`backups_path` VARCHAR ( 50 ) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '备份数据地址',`backups_name` VARCHAR ( 50 ) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '备份文件名称',`operation` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '操作次数',`status` INT ( 1 ) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '数据状态（1正常，-1删除）',`recovery_time` DATETIME DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '恢复时间',`create_time` DATETIME DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '备份时间',PRIMARY KEY ( `id` ),
INDEX baskups_index ( mysql_ip, mysql_port, backups_path, database_name,backups_name) USING BTREE COMMENT '索引'
) ENGINE = INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT = 1 CHARSET = UTF8 ROW_FORMAT = COMPACT COMMENT = 'MySQL数据备份表';

数据状态这个字段可加可不加，我的视角是这个备份属于永久存储，不可删除的，所以前端界面上不能有删除按钮，但是后台可能会对一些数据做操作，就加了status这个字段。

实体类设计

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotations.TableField;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotations.TableId;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotations.TableName;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.enums.IdType;
import lombok.Data;import java.util.Date;/*** ClassName:SystemMysqlBackups* 类描述： MySQL备份实体*/
@Data
@TableName("mysql_backups")
public class SystemMysqlBackups {/*** 主键id*/@TableId(value = "id", type = IdType.AUTO)private Long id;/*** MySQL服务器IP地址*/@TableField("mysql_ip")private String mysqlIp;/*** MySQL服务器端口号*/@TableField("mysql_port")private String mysqlPort;/*** MySQL服务器端口号*/@TableField("database_name")private String databaseName;/*** MySQL备份指令*/@TableField("mysql_cmd")private String mysqlCmd;/*** MySQL恢复指令*/@TableField("mysql_back_cmd")private String mysqlBackCmd;/*** MySQL备份存储地址*/@TableField("backups_path")private String backupsPath;/*** MySQL备份文件名称*/@TableField("backups_name")private String backupsName;/*** 操作次数*/@TableField("operation")private Integer operation;/*** 数据状态*/@TableField("status")private Integer status;/*** 恢复时间*/@TableField("recovery_time")private Date recoveryTime;/*** 备份时间*/@TableField("create_time")private Date createTime;}

注解说明：

@Data：Lombok简化实体类注解

@TableName：MybatisPlus的注解，标识表名

@TableId：标识主键，设置主键增长类型

@TableField：标识表字段

mapper和映射文件
mapper 接口代码:

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.mapper.BaseMapper;
import com.zj.module.repository.model.system.backups.SystemMysqlBackups;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;import java.util.List;/*** InterfaceName:SystemMysqlBackupsMapper* 接口描述： MySQL备份接口*/
public interface SystemMysqlBackupsMapper extends BaseMapper<SystemMysqlBackups> {/*** 查询所有备份数据*/List<SystemMysqlBackups> selectBackupsList();/*** 根据ID查询*/SystemMysqlBackups selectListId(@Param("id") Long id);
}

以上两个方法可以不写，但是我们公司使用的 MybatisPlus 版本明明都配置好了逻辑删除，无法使用，所以只能写这些重复的轮子。

映射文件代码：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN""http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.mobaijun.module.dao.system.backups.SystemMysqlBackupsMapper"><resultMap id="Base_Result_Map" type="com.mobaijun.module.model.system.backups.SystemMysqlBackups"><id column="id" property="id"/><result column="mysql_ip" property="mysqlIp"/><result column="mysql_port" property="mysqlPort"/><result column="mysql_cmd" property="mysqlCmd"/><result column="mysql_back_cmd" property="mysqlBackCmd"/><result column="database_name" property="databaseName"/><result column="backups_path" property="backupsPath"/><result column="backups_name" property="backupsName"/><result column="operation" property="operation"/><result column="status" property="status"/><result column="recovery_time" property="recoveryTime"/><result column="create_time" property="createTime"/></resultMap><sql id="Base_Column_List">idas id,`mysql_ip` as mysqlIp,`mysql_port` as mysqlPort,`mysql_cmd` as mysqlCmd,`mysql_back_cmd` as mysqlBackCmd,`database_name` as databaseName,`backups_path` as backupsPath,`backups_name` as backupsName,`operation` as operation,`status` as status,`recovery_time` as recoveryTime,`create_time` as createTime</sql><select id="selectListId" resultMap="Base_Result_Map">SELECT *FROM `mysql_backups`WHERE `status` != 0AND id = #{id}</select><select id="selectBackupsList" resultMap="Base_Result_Map">SELECT *FROM `mysql_backups`WHERE `status` != 0ORDER BY create_time DESC</select>
</mapper>

Service 接口和实现类
service 接口

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.service.IService;
import com.mobaijun.module.model.system.backups.SystemMysqlBackups;import java.util.List;/*** ClassName:SystemMysqlBackupsservice* 类描述： MySQL备份接口*/
public interface SystemMysqlBackupsService extends IService<SystemMysqlBackups> {/*** 查询所有备份数据*/List<SystemMysqlBackups> selectBackupsList();/*** mysql备份接口*/Object mysqlBackups(String filePath, String url, String userName, String password);/*** 根据ID查询*/SystemMysqlBackups selectListId(Long id);/*** 恢复数据库** @param smb      恢复对象* @param userName 数据库用户名* @param password 数据库密码* @return*/Object rollback(SystemMysqlBackups smb, String userName, String password);
}

实现类：

import cn.hutool.core.date.DateTime;
import cn.hutool.core.date.DateUtil;
import cn.hutool.core.io.FileUtil;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.service.impl.ServiceImpl;
import com.mobaijun.module.core.constant.common.Constants;
import com.mobaijun.module.core.tips.ErrorTip;
import com.mobaijun.module.dao.system.backups.SystemMysqlBackupsMapper;
import com.mobaijun.module.model.system.backups.SystemMysqlBackups;
import com.mobaijun.module.service.system.backups.SystemMysqlBackupsService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;/*** ClassName:SystemMysqlBackupsService* 类描述： MySQL备份实现*/
@Slf4j
@Service
public class SystemMysqlBackupsServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<SystemMysqlBackupsMapper, SystemMysqlBackups> implements SystemMysqlBackupsService {@Resourceprivate SystemMysqlBackupsMapper systemMysqlBackupsMapper;@Overridepublic List<SystemMysqlBackups> selectBackupsList() {return systemMysqlBackupsMapper.selectBackupsList();}@Overridepublic Object mysqlBackups(String filePath, String url, String userName, String password) {// 获取ipfinal String ip = url.substring(13, 22);// 获取端口号final String port = url.substring(23, 27);// 获取数据库名称final String database_name = url.substring(28, 42);// 数据库文件名称StringBuilder mysqlFileName = new StringBuilder().append(Constants.DATA_BASE_NAME).append("_").append(DateUtil.format(new Date(), "yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss")).append(Constants.FILE_SUFFIX);// 备份命令StringBuilder cmd = new StringBuilder().append("mysqldump ").append("--no-tablespaces ").append("-h").append(ip).append(" -u").append(userName).append(" -p").append(password)// 排除MySQL备份表.append(" --ignore-table ").append(database_name).append(".mysql_backups ").append(database_name).append(" > ").append(filePath).append(mysqlFileName);// 判断文件是否保存成功if (!FileUtil.exist(filePath)) {FileUtil.mkdir(filePath);return new ErrorTip(HttpStatus.REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE.value(), "备份失败，文件保存异常，请查看文件内容后重新尝试！");}// 获取操作系统名称String osName = System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase();String[] command = new String[0];if (Constants.isSystem(osName)) {// Windowscommand = new String[]{"cmd", "/c", String.valueOf(cmd)};} else {// Linuxcommand = new String[]{"/bin/sh", "-c", String.valueOf(cmd)};}SystemMysqlBackups smb = new SystemMysqlBackups();// 备份信息存放到数据库smb.setMysqlIp(ip);smb.setMysqlPort(port);smb.setBackupsName(String.valueOf(mysqlFileName));smb.setDatabaseName(database_name);smb.setMysqlCmd(String.valueOf(cmd));smb.setBackupsPath(filePath);smb.setCreateTime(DateTime.now());smb.setStatus(1);smb.setOperation(0);systemMysqlBackupsMapper.insert(smb);log.error("数据库备份命令为：{}", cmd);// 获取Runtime实例Process process = null;try {process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command);if (process.waitFor() == 0) {log.info("Mysql 数据库备份成功,备份文件名：{}", mysqlFileName);} else {return new ErrorTip(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.value(), "网络异常，数据库备份失败");}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();return new ErrorTip(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.value(), "网络异常，数据库备份失败");}return smb;}@Overridepublic SystemMysqlBackups selectListId(Long id) {return systemMysqlBackupsMapper.selectListId(id);}@Overridepublic Object rollback(SystemMysqlBackups smb, String userName, String password) {// 备份路径和文件名StringBuilder realFilePath = new StringBuilder().append(smb.getBackupsPath()).append(smb.getBackupsName());if (!FileUtil.exist(String.valueOf(realFilePath))) {return new ErrorTip(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND.value(), "文件不存在，恢复失败，请查看目录内文件是否存在后重新尝试！");}StringBuilder cmd = new StringBuilder().append("mysql -h").append(smb.getMysqlIp()).append(" -u").append(userName).append(" -p").append(password).append(" ").append(smb.getDatabaseName()).append(" < ").append(realFilePath);String[] command = new String[0];log.error("数据库恢复命令为：{}", cmd);// 获取操作系统名称String osName = System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase();if (Constants.isSystem(osName)) {// Windowscommand = new String[]{"cmd", "/c", String.valueOf(cmd)};} else {// Linuxcommand = new String[]{"/bin/sh", "-c", String.valueOf(cmd)};}// 恢复指令写入到数据库smb.setMysqlBackCmd(String.valueOf(cmd));// 更新操作次数smb.setRecoveryTime(DateTime.now());smb.setOperation(smb.getOperation() + 1);// 获取Runtime实例Process process = null;try {process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command);if (process.waitFor() == 0) {log.error("Mysql 数据库恢复成功,恢复文件名：{}", realFilePath);} else {return new ErrorTip(HttpStatus.GATEWAY_TIMEOUT.value(), "网络异常，恢复失败，请稍后重新尝试！");}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();return new ErrorTip(HttpStatus.GATEWAY_TIMEOUT.value(), "网络异常，恢复失败，请稍后重新尝试！");}return smb;}
}

写的工具类方法如下：

/*** 文件后缀*/
public static final String FILE_SUFFIX = ".sql";/*** 判断操作系统类型、Linux|Windows
*/
public static boolean isSystem(String osName) {Boolean flag = null;if (osName.startsWith("windows")) {flag = true;} else if (osName.startsWith("linux")) {flag = false;}return flag;
}

控制器

import com.mobaijun.module.core.constant.common.Constants;
import com.mobaijun.module.core.tips.ErrorTip;
import com.mobaijun.module.core.tips.SuccessTip;
import com.mobaijun.module.model.system.backups.SystemMysqlBackups;
import com.mobaijun.module.service.system.backups.SystemMysqlBackupsService;
import com.mobaijun.module.web.annotion.ApiJsonObject;
import com.mobaijun.module.web.annotion.ApiJsonProperty;
import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiParam;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PutMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;/*** ClassName:SystemMysqlBackupsController* 类描述： MySQL数据备份接口*/
@RestController
@Api(description = "MySQL数据备份")
@RequestMapping(value = "/api/system/baskups")
public class SystemMysqlBackupsController {/*** 数据库用户名*/@Value("${spring.datasource.username}")private String userName;/*** 数据库密码*/@Value("${spring.datasource.password}")private String password;/*** 数据库url*/@Value("${spring.datasource.url}")private String url;/*** Windows数据库备份地址*/@Value("${spring.datasource.win-path}")private String windowsPath;/*** Linux数据库备份地址*/@Value("${spring.datasource.linux-path}")private String linuxPath;@Autowiredprivate SystemMysqlBackupsService systemMysqlBackupsService;@ApiOperation(value = "获取所有备份数据列表")@GetMapping("/backupsList")public Object backupsList() {List<SystemMysqlBackups> systemMysqlBackups = systemMysqlBackupsService.selectBackupsList();return new SuccessTip(systemMysqlBackups);}@ApiOperation(value = "MySQL备份")@PostMapping("/mysqlBackups")public Object mysqlBackups() {String path = null;// 获取操作系统名称String osName = System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase();if (Constants.isSystem(osName)) {// Windowspath = this.windowsPath;} else {// Linuxpath = this.linuxPath;}// 数据库用户名String userName = this.userName;// 数据库密码String password = this.password;// 数据库地址String url = this.url;// 调用备份Object systemMysqlBackups = systemMysqlBackupsService.mysqlBackups(path, url, userName, password);return new SuccessTip(systemMysqlBackups);}@ApiOperation(value = "恢复数据库")@PutMapping("/rollback")public Object rollback(@ApiJsonObject(name = "恢复数据库", value = {@ApiJsonProperty(name = "id", example = "1", value = "数据id", dataType = "long", required = true)})@ApiParam(value = "恢复数据库") @RequestBody Map<String, Object> map) {Long id = Long.valueOf(map.get("id").toString());if (id == null) {return new ErrorTip(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.value(), "id不能为null，请重新尝试！");}// 数据库用户名String userName = this.userName;// 数据库密码String password = this.password;// 根据id查询查询已有的信息SystemMysqlBackups smb = systemMysqlBackupsService.selectListId(id);// 恢复数据库Object rollback = systemMysqlBackupsService.rollback(smb, userName, password);// 更新操作次数systemMysqlBackupsService.updateById(smb);return new SuccessTip(rollback);}
}