分区挂载

挂载：将该文件系统中的内容与指定的目录关联起来，使得你可以通过该目录来访问文件系统中的文件和目录。

mount 命令用来挂载文件系统

#挂载/dev/sda1和/dev/sda2

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir test{1..2}

[root@localhost ~]# ll test1 test2

test1:

total 0

test2:

total 0

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk -p

NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS

/dev/sda 8:0 0 10G 0 disk

├─/dev/sda1 8:1 0 5G 0 part

└─/dev/sda2 8:2 0 4G 0 part

/dev/sdb 8:16 0 5G 0 disk

/dev/sr0 11:0 1 8G 0 rom /run/media/root/RHEL-9-0-0-

BaseOS-x86_64

/dev/nvme0n1 259:0 0 20G 0 disk

├─/dev/nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 600M 0 part /boot/efi

├─/dev/nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 1G 0 part /boot

└─/dev/nvme0n1p3 259:3 0 18.4G 0 part

├─/dev/mapper/rhel-root 253:0 0 16.4G 0 lvm /

└─/dev/mapper/rhel-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sda1 test1

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sda2 test2

[root@localhost ~]# ll test1 test2

test1:

total 16

drwx------. 2 root root 16384 Apr 10 17:34 lost+found

test2:

total 0

[root@localhost ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

devtmpfs 844M 0 844M 0% /dev

tmpfs 875M 0 875M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 350M 9.6M 341M 3% /run

/dev/mapper/rhel-root 17G 4.0G 13G 24% /

/dev/nvme0n1p2 1014M 254M 761M 25% /boot

/dev/nvme0n1p1 599M 7.0M 592M 2% /boot/efi

tmpfs 175M 100K 175M 1% /run/user/0

/dev/sr0 8.0G 8.0G 0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-9-0-0-BaseOS

x86_64

/dev/sda1 4.9G 24K 4.6G 1% /root/test1

/dev/sda2 4.0G 61M 4.0G 2% /root/test2

#/dev/sda2 挂载成功之后存入数据

[root@localhost ~]# ll test2

total 0

[root@localhost ~]# cd test2

[root@localhost test2]# echo this is hh > 1.txt

[root@localhost test2]# cat 1.txt

this is hh

[root@localhost test2]# cd

[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/sda2 #umount取消挂载

[root@localhost ~]# ll test2

total 0

[root@localhost ~]#

#/dev/sda2挂载到其他目录

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir test3

[root@localhost ~]# ll test3

total 0

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sda2 test3

[root@localhost ~]# ll test3

total 4

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11 Apr 15 09:27 1.txt

[root@localhost ~]# cat test3/1.txt

this is hh

[root@localhost ~]#

查看磁盘空间使用量：df，du

df 命令是列出文件系统的磁盘空间使用情况

[root@localhost ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

devtmpfs 844M 0 844M 0% /dev

tmpfs 875M 0 875M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 350M 9.8M 340M 3% /run

/dev/mapper/rhel-root 17G 4.0G 13G 24% /

/dev/nvme0n1p2 1014M 254M 761M 25% /boot

/dev/nvme0n1p1 599M 7.0M 592M 2% /boot/efi

tmpfs 175M 96K 175M 1% /run/user/0

/dev/sr0 8.0G 8.0G 0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-9-0-0-BaseOS

x86_64

/dev/sda2 4.0G 61M 4.0G 2% /root/test3

du 命令是某个文件或者目录所占用的磁盘空间情况。

[root@localhost ~]# du -h test3/1.txt

4.0K test3/1.txt

[root@localhost ~]#

lvm逻辑卷

LVM是 Logical Volume Manager(逻辑卷管理)的简写，LVM将若干个磁盘或者磁盘分区连接为一个整块的卷组，形成一个存储池。管理员可以在卷组上任意创建逻辑卷，并进一步在逻辑卷上创建文件系统。

管理员通过LVM可以方便的调整存储卷组的大小，并且可以对磁盘存储按照组的方式进行命名、管理和分配。

假设有三块磁盘/dev/sdb、/dev/sdc和/dev/sdd用来划分逻辑卷，LVM模型如图所示：

1. 创建物理卷（pv）

#创建pv，命令：pvcreate 要创建为物理卷的设备或分区

[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1

WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/sda1 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y

Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/sda1.

Physical volume "/dev/sda1" successfully created.

Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.

[root@localhost ~]# pvscan #列出所有物理卷(pv),简写pvs

PV /dev/nvme0n1p3 VG rhel lvm2 [18.41 GiB / 0 free]

PV /dev/sda1 lvm2 [5.00 GiB]

PV /dev/sdb1 lvm2 [2.00 GiB]

Total: 3 [25.41 GiB] / in use: 1 [18.41 GiB] / in no VG: 2 [7.00 GiB]

[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay #显示物理卷(pv)的各种属性

1. 创建卷组（vg）

# 命令：vgcreate 卷组名称 物理卷名称

[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate vg01 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1

Volume group "vg01" successfully created

[root@localhost ~]# vgs #搜索所有的卷组

VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree

rhel 1 2 0 wz--n- 18.41g 0

vg01 2 0 0 wz--n- 6.99g 6.99g

[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay #展示卷组的信息

3、创建逻辑卷（lv）

# 命令：lvcreate -n 逻辑卷名称 -L 逻辑卷大小 卷组名称

[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -n lv01 -L 3G vg01 #大小不能大于vg的大小。

Logical volume "lv01" created.

[root@localhost ~]# lvs #展示逻辑卷的信息

LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync

Convert

root rhel -wi-ao---- 16.41g

swap rhel -wi-ao---- 2.00g

lv01 vg01 -wi-a----- 3.00g

[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay #展示逻辑卷的详细信息

4、格式化

#lsblk -p 或者fdisk -l 查看lvm的完整设备文件名

[root@localhost dev]# fdisk -l

....

Disk /dev/mapper/vg01-lv01: 3 GiB, 3221225472 bytes, 6291456 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

#格式化

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/vg01-lv01

5、挂载

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir test4

[root@localhost ~]# ll test4

total 0

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/mapper/vg01-lv01 test4

[root@localhost ~]# df -h | grep test4

/dev/mapper/vg01-lv01 3.0G 54M 3.0G 2% /root/test4

[root@localhost ~]#

删除逻辑卷（lvm）

创建逻辑卷（lvm）流程：lv -> vg -> pv

#卸载

[root@localhost ~]# umount test4

[root@localhost ~]# df -h | grep test4

[root@localhost ~]# lvremove /dev/mapper/vg01-lv01

Do you really want to remove active logical volume vg01/lv01? [y/n]: y

Logical volume "lv01" successfully removed.

[root@localhost ~]# vgremove vg01

Volume group "vg01" successfully removed

[root@localhost ~]# pvremove /dev/sda1

Labels on physical volume "/dev/sda1" successfully wiped.

[root@localhost ~]# pvremove /dev/sdb1

Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully wiped.

[root@localhost ~]#