目录
一:什么是SpringMVC
二:SpringMVC快速入门
1.导入依赖
2.创建核心配置类
3.创建controller关键类
4.创建访问的资源
tomcat-toc" style="margin-left:40px;">5.配置tomcat
6.浏览器测试
7.解决中文乱码问题:
三:测试工具:Postman
1.软件介绍:
2.测试请求数据
Get请求:
2.1:普通参数—参数名相同
2.2参数为字符串数组
2.3参数为字符串集合
2.4日期类型
Post请求:
2.5普通参数—参数名相同
2.6普通参数—参数名不同
2.7参数为实体类型
2.8参数为实体类型嵌套实体类
2.9JSON数组—字符串数组接收,集合接收
2.10JSON对象—实体类接收
2.11JSON对象数组—实体类集合接收
3.测试响应数据
3.1POJO转JSON字符串
3.2POJO集合转JSON数组
一:什么是SpringMVC
SpringMVC是一个基于Java实现了MVC设计模式的请求驱动类型的轻量级web框架,通过把模型--视图--控制器分离,将web层进行职责解耦,把复杂的web运用分成逻辑清晰的几部分,简化开发,减少出错,方便组内成员的配合
二:SpringMVC快速入门
1.导入依赖
创建Maven项目,并导入对应的jar包,在pom.xml文件中导入以下两个依赖
<dependency><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId><artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId><version>4.0.1</version><scope>provided</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId><version>5.3.31</version></dependency>
2.创建核心配置类
在src包下创建两个包,分别为config包和controller包
在config包下创建SpringMvcConfig核心配置类
java">
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;@Configuration//表示为一个配置类
@ComponentScan("com.lcyy")//扫描包
public class SpringMvcConfig {//创建一个视图解析器到IOC容器中去@Beanpublic InternalResourceViewResolver internalResourceViewResolver(){InternalResourceViewResolver resolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();//设置视图的前缀resolver.setPrefix("/pages/");//设置后缀resolver.setSuffix(".jsp");return resolver;}}
在创建ServletConfig类
java">import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer;public class ServletConfig extends AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer {//加载springmvc配置,放到IOC容器中去@Overrideprotected WebApplicationContext createServletApplicationContext() {AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();ctx.register(SpringMvcConfig.class);return ctx;}//配置tomcat需要接收到的哪些资源@Overrideprotected String[] getServletMappings() {return new String[]{"/"};}//加载spring配置@Overrideprotected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext() {return null;}
}
3.创建controller关键类
java">import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;@Controller
public class UserController {//访问的是视图@RequestMapping("/save")public String save(){return "success";}/*** @ResponseBody 添加这个注解表示为在视图显示json字符串* @return*/@RequestMapping("/save2")@ResponseBodypublic String save2(){return "hello";}
}
4.创建访问的资源
在webapp下创建pages包,在包下创建名为:success.jsp的jsp文件
<%--Created by IntelliJ IDEA.User: 22818Date: 2024/5/12Time: 13:23To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head><title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
hello 我是Springmvc
</body>
</html>
tomcat">5.配置tomcat
6.浏览器测试
运行tomcat,在浏览器输入localhost:8080/save 和 localhost:8080/save2,对应的结果分别如下:
7.解决中文乱码问题:
在ServletConfig类下,重写getServletFilters()方法(此为过滤器),定义编码格式为utf-8
java"> /*** 解决中文乱码问题,使用过滤器(输入(服务器向外发送为输入))* @return*/@Overrideprotected Filter[] getServletFilters() {CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();//设置为utf-8filter.setEncoding("utf-8");//返回过滤器return new Filter[]{filter};}
三:测试工具:Postman
1.软件介绍:
1. Postman 是一款功能超级强大的用于发送 HTTP 请求的 测试工具
2. 做 WEB 页面开发和测试的人员常用工具
3. 创建和发送任何的 HTTP 请求 (Get/Post/Put/Delete...)
2.测试请求数据
Get请求:
2.1:普通参数—参数名相同
java">/*** 普通参数--参数相同(get)* @param name* @param age* @return*/@RequestMapping("/commonParam")@ResponseBodypublic String commonParam(String name,Integer age){System.out.println("name = " + name);System.out.println("age = " + age);return "success";}
2.2参数为字符串数组
java"> /*** 参数为字符串数组(get请求)* @param hobby* @return*/@RequestMapping("/arrayParam")@ResponseBodypublic String arrayParam(String[] hobby){//封装到数组里System.out.println("hobby = " + Arrays.toString(hobby));return "success";}
2.3参数为字符串集合
java">/*** 参数为字符串集合(get)需添加@RequestParam* @param hobby* @return*/@RequestMapping("/listParam")@ResponseBodypublic String listParam(@RequestParam List<String> hobby){System.out.println("hobby = " + hobby);return "success";}
2.4日期类型
java"> /*** 日期格式* @param date* @param date1* @return*/@RequestMapping("/dateParam")@ResponseBodypublic String dateParam(Date date,@DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd") Date date1){System.out.println("date = " + date);System.out.println("date1 = " + date1);return "success";}
Post请求:
2.5普通参数—参数名相同
java">/*** 普通参数--参数相同(get)* @param name* @param age* @return*/@RequestMapping("/commonParam")@ResponseBodypublic String commonParam(String name,Integer age){System.out.println("name = " + name);System.out.println("age = " + age);return "success";}
2.6普通参数—参数名不同
java"> /*** 普通参数--形参名不同,起别名* @param username* @param age* @return 返回给前端*/@RequestMapping("/commonParamDifferentName")@ResponseBodypublic String commonParamDifferentName(@RequestParam("name") String username, Integer age){System.out.println("username = " + username);System.out.println("age = " + age);return "success";}
2.7参数为实体类型
java"> /*** 参数为pojo(实体类)类型(post)* @param u* @return 返回给前端*/@RequestMapping("/pojoParam")@ResponseBodypublic String pojoParam(User u){//封装为了实体类System.out.println("user = " + u);return "success";}
2.8参数为实体类型嵌套实体类
java"> /*** pojo嵌套使用(post)* @param u* @return*/@RequestMapping("/pojoContainPojoParam")@ResponseBodypublic String pojoContainPojoParam(User u){//封装为了实体类System.out.println("user = " + u);return "success";}
2.9JSON数组—字符串数组接收,集合接收
java"> /*** 理论上get请求可以发送json数据,但一般用post请求发送json数据* @param hobby* @return*/@RequestMapping("/jsonArray")@ResponseBodypublic String jsonArray(@RequestBody List<String> hobby){System.out.println("hobby = " + hobby);return "success";}/**请求* JSON对象数组,用pojo实体集合接收* @param list* @return*/@RequestMapping("/listPojoParamForJson")@ResponseBodypublic String listPojoParamForJson(@RequestBody List<User> list){System.out.println("list = " + list);return "success";}
2.10JSON对象—实体类接收
java"> /*** 请求* @param user* @return*/@RequestMapping("/pojoParamForJson")@ResponseBodypublic String pojoParamForJson(@RequestBody User user){System.out.println("user = " + user);return "success";}
2.11JSON对象数组—实体类集合接收
java">/**请求* JSON对象数组,用pojo实体集合接收* @param list* @return*/@RequestMapping("/listPojoParamForJson")@ResponseBodypublic String listPojoParamForJson(@RequestBody List<User> list){System.out.println("list = " + list);return "success";}
3.测试响应数据
3.1POJO转JSON字符串
java">/*** 响应:JSON转字符串,响应给前端* @param user* @return*/@RequestMapping("/toJson")@ResponseBodypublic User toJson(User user){User user1 = new User();user1.setName("张三");user1.setAge(18);user1.setAddress(new Address("广州省·","深圳市"));return user1;}
3.2POJO集合转JSON数组
java"> /**响应*pojo集合转json数组* @param* @return*/@RequestMapping("/toJsonList")@ResponseBodypublic List<User> toJsonList(){List<User> users = new ArrayList<>();User user1 = new User();User user = user1;user.setName("张三");user.setAge(25);user.setAddress(new Address("陕西省","西安市"));User user2 = new User();user2.setName("李四");user2.setAge(20);user2.setAddress(new Address("陕西省","安康市"));User user3 = new User();user3.setName("李非");user3.setAge(21);user3.setAddress(new Address("陕西省","汉中市"));users.add(user);users.add(user2);users.add(user3);return users;}