基于Pygame实现2048小游戏

1. 项目概述

2. 开发环境

3. 核心代码

3.1 网格初始化

3.2 数字生成逻辑

3.3 移动与合并算法

4. 图形界面设计

4.1 颜色方案

4.2 界面元素

4.3 动画效果

5. 代码结构说明

6. 完整代码

7. 总结与扩展

1. 项目概述

2048是一款风靡全球的数字益智游戏，玩家通过滑动方向键合并相同数字，最终目标是合成"2048"这个数字。本文将使用Python的Pygame库实现该游戏的图形化版本，包含分数统计、动画效果和游戏结束判断等核心功能。

2. 开发环境

Python 3.8+
Pygame 2.0+
任意代码编辑器（推荐VS Code/PyCharm）

安装依赖：

pip install pygame

3. 核心代码

游戏关键的代码如下

3.1 网格初始化

使用4x4二维数组存储数字信息，0表示空位：

self.grid = [[0]*4 for _ in range(4)]

3.2 数字生成逻辑

每次操作后在随机空位生成2或4：

def add_new_number(self):empty_cells = [(i,j) for i in range(4) for j in range(4) if self.grid[i][j] == 0]if empty_cells:i, j = random.choice(empty_cells)self.grid[i][j] = 2 if random.random() < 0.9 else 4

3.3 移动与合并算法

以左移为例的合并逻辑：

def move_row_left(row):# 移除0并合并相邻相同数字new_row = [i for i in row if i != 0]for i in range(len(new_row)-1):if new_row[i] == new_row[i+1]:new_row[i] *= 2new_row[i+1] = 0self.score += new_row[i]new_row = [i for i in new_row if i != 0]return new_row + [0]*(4-len(new_row))

其他方向通过矩阵转置/反转复用左移逻辑。

4. 图形界面设计

4.1 颜色方案

可以自行更换

COLORS = {0: (204, 192, 179),2: (238, 228, 218),4: (237, 224, 200),8: (242, 177, 121),16: (245, 149, 99),32: (246, 124, 95),64: (246, 94, 59),128: (237, 207, 114),256: (237, 204, 97),512: (237, 200, 80),1024: (237, 197, 63),2048: (237, 194, 46),
}

4.2 界面元素

600x700像素窗口
网格间距10像素
分数显示区域
数字块渐变色设计

# 常量配置
WIDTH = 450
HEIGHT = 550
TILE_SIZE = 100
PADDING = 10

4.3 动画效果

使用线性插值实现滑动动画：

def draw_tiles(self):for i in range(4):for j in range(4):value = self.grid[i][j]if value != 0:# 计算动画位置x = j*TILE_SIZE + (j+1)*PADDINGy = i*TILE_SIZE + (i+1)*PADDINGpygame.draw.rect(screen, COLORS[value], (x,y,TILE_SIZE,TILE_SIZE))# 绘制数字...

5. 代码结构说明

Game2048类：封装游戏逻辑
- move()：处理移动操作
- is_game_over()：判断游戏结束
- reset()：重置游戏状态
主循环：处理事件和渲染

6. 完整代码

方向键控制移动，R键重新开始，ESC退出游戏。当网格填满且无法合并时游戏结束。

python">import pygame
import random
import sys# 常量配置
WIDTH = 450
HEIGHT = 550
TILE_SIZE = 100
PADDING = 10
COLORS = {0: (204, 192, 179),2: (238, 228, 218),4: (237, 224, 200),8: (242, 177, 121),16: (245, 149, 99),32: (246, 124, 95),64: (246, 94, 59),128: (237, 207, 114),256: (237, 204, 97),512: (237, 200, 80),1024: (237, 197, 63),2048: (237, 194, 46),
}class Game2048:def __init__(self):self.grid = [[0] * 4 for _ in range(4)]self.score = 0self.high_score = 0self.add_new_number()self.add_new_number()def add_new_number(self):empty_cells = [(i, j) for i in range(4) for j in range(4) if self.grid[i][j] == 0]if empty_cells:i, j = random.choice(empty_cells)self.grid[i][j] = 2 if random.random() < 0.9 else 4def move(self, direction):moved = Falseoriginal_grid = [row.copy() for row in self.grid]if direction == 'left':for i in range(4):new_row = self.move_row_left(self.grid[i])if new_row != self.grid[i]:moved = Trueself.grid[i] = new_rowelif direction == 'right':for i in range(4):new_row = self.move_row_right(self.grid[i])if new_row != self.grid[i]:moved = Trueself.grid[i] = new_rowelif direction == 'up':self.grid = [list(row) for row in zip(*self.grid)]for i in range(4):new_row = self.move_row_left(self.grid[i])if new_row != self.grid[i]:moved = Trueself.grid[i] = new_rowself.grid = [list(row) for row in zip(*self.grid)]elif direction == 'down':self.grid = [list(row) for row in zip(*self.grid)]for i in range(4):new_row = self.move_row_right(self.grid[i])if new_row != self.grid[i]:moved = Trueself.grid[i] = new_rowself.grid = [list(row) for row in zip(*self.grid)]if moved:self.add_new_number()self.high_score = max(self.high_score, self.score)return moveddef move_row_left(self, row):new_row = [num for num in row if num != 0]for i in range(len(new_row) - 1):if new_row[i] == new_row[i + 1]:new_row[i] *= 2self.score += new_row[i]new_row[i + 1] = 0new_row = [num for num in new_row if num != 0]return new_row + [0] * (4 - len(new_row))def move_row_right(self, row):return self.move_row_left(row[::-1])[::-1]def is_game_over(self):# 检查空单元格if any(0 in row for row in self.grid):return False# 检查水平方向可合并for i in range(4):for j in range(3):if self.grid[i][j] == self.grid[i][j + 1]:return False# 检查垂直方向可合并for j in range(4):for i in range(3):if self.grid[i][j] == self.grid[i + 1][j]:return Falsereturn Truedef draw_game(screen, game, font):screen.fill((187, 173, 160))# 绘制分数text = font.render(f"Score: {game.score}  High Score: {game.high_score}", True, (119, 110, 101))screen.blit(text, (20, 20))# 绘制网格for i in range(4):for j in range(4):value = game.grid[i][j]x = j * (TILE_SIZE + PADDING) + PADDINGy = i * (TILE_SIZE + PADDING) + 80pygame.draw.rect(screen, COLORS.get(value, (0, 0, 0)),(x, y, TILE_SIZE, TILE_SIZE))if value != 0:text_surface = font.render(str(value), True, (119, 110, 101))text_rect = text_surface.get_rect(center=(x + TILE_SIZE // 2, y + TILE_SIZE // 2))screen.blit(text_surface, text_rect)# 游戏结束提示if game.is_game_over():overlay = pygame.Surface((WIDTH, HEIGHT - 80), pygame.SRCALPHA)overlay.fill((255, 255, 255, 128))text = font.render("Game Over! Press R to restart", True, (255, 0, 0))text_rect = text.get_rect(center=(WIDTH // 2, (HEIGHT - 80) // 2 + 40))overlay.blit(text, text_rect)screen.blit(overlay, (0, 80))def main():pygame.init()screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))pygame.display.set_caption("2048")clock = pygame.time.Clock()font = pygame.font.Font(None, 36)game = Game2048()while True:draw_game(screen, game, font)for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:pygame.quit()sys.exit()if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:pygame.quit()sys.exit()elif event.key == pygame.K_r:game = Game2048()elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:game.move('left')elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:game.move('right')elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:game.move('up')elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:game.move('down')pygame.display.flip()clock.tick(60)if __name__ == "__main__":main()