表有坏块时，全表查询会报错：

这时候如果有前面正常的rman备份，那么我们就可以通过rman备份直接对数据文件块做恢复

先对数据文件做个逻辑检查：

RMAN> backup check logical VALIDATE DATAFILE '+EXB_DATA/exb/datafile/cuteinfo.290.948015321';

Starting backup at 13-APR-22
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=65 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=+EXB_DATA/exb/datafile/cuteinfo.290.948015321
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
List of Datafiles
=================
File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN
---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ----------
28    FAILED 0              355          1280            12504828  
  File Name: +EXB_DATA/exb/datafile/cuteinfo.290.948015321
  Block Type Blocks Failing Blocks Processed
  ---------- -------------- ----------------
  Data       0              775             
  Index      0              0               
  Other      1              150   

或者直接检查数据文件：VALIDATE DATAFILE 5

检查完，我们可以通过视图查询到坏块信息

select * from v$database_block_corruption;
     FILE#     BLOCK#     BLOCKS CORRUPTION_CHANGE# CORRUPTIO     CON_ID
---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------ --------- ----------
         28        355424          1                  0 CORRUPT            0

使用rman进行块恢复：

RMAN> blockrecover datafile 28 block 355424 from backupset;

Starting recover at 13-APR-22
using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring block(s)
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying block(s) to restore from backup set
restoring blocks of datafile 00028
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /arch/backup/12c/full_0413_hi0qrt9h_1_1.bak
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/arch/backup/12c/full_0413_hi0qrt9h_1_1.bak tag=TAG20220413T164537
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored block(s) from backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: block restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Finished recover at 13-APR-22

块恢复后，执行BLOCKRECOVER CORRUPTION LIST，会自动按照V$DATABASE_BLOCK_CORRUPTION进行修复(耗时较长)：
RMAN> BLOCKRECOVER CORRUPTION LIST;

Starting recover at 13-APR-22
using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00

Finished recover at 13-APR-22
个时候再访问v$database_block_corruption就看不到详细的坏块信息了：
SQL> select * from v$database_block_corruption;

no rows selected

再使用dbv检查发现没有坏块了。