一.高可用集群
1.1 集群类型
- LB: 负载均衡
- HA: 高可用集群
- SPoF: 解决单点故障
- HPC: 高性能集群
1.2 系统可用性
A=MTBF/(MTBF+MTTR)
99.95%:(60*24*30)*(1-0.9995)=21.6分钟 #一般按一个月停机时间统计
1.3 实现高可用
提升系统高可用的解决方案:降低平均故障时间
解决方案:建立冗余机制
- active/passive 主/备
- active/active 双主
- active --> HEARTBEAT --> passive
- active HEARTBEAT active
二.Keepalived 部署
2.1 keepalived 简介
vrrp 协议的软件实现,原生设计目的为了高可用 ipvs服务
功能:
- 基于vrrp协议完成地址流动
- 为vip地址所在的节点生成ipvs规则(在配置文件中预先定义)
- 为ipvs集群的各RS做健康状态检测
- 基于脚本调用接口完成脚本中定义的功能,进而影响集群事务,以此支持nginx、haproxy等服务
2.2 Keepalived 架构
- 用户空间核心组件:
vrrp stack:VIP消息通告
checkers:监测real server
system call:实现 vrrp 协议状态转换时调用脚本的功能
SMTP:邮件组件 IPVS
wrapper:生成IPVS规则
Netlink Reflector:网络接口
WatchDog:监控进程
- 控制组件:提供keepalived.conf 的解析器,完成Keepalived配置
- IO复用器:针对网络目的而优化的自己的线程抽象
- 内存管理组件:为某些通用的内存管理功能(例如分配,重新分配,发布等)提供访问权限
2.3 Keepalived 环境准备
2.3.1 ka1配置
[root@ka1 ~]# yum install keepalived.x86_64 -y
[root@ka1 ~]# systemctl start keepalived.service
[root@ka1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
2.3.2 ka2配置
[root@ka2 ~]# yum install keepalived.x86_64 -y
[root@ka2 ~]# systemctl start keepalived.service
2.3.3 测试
2.4 启用keepalived日志功能
[root@ka1 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/keepalivedKEEPALIVED_OPTIONS="-D -S 6"
[root@ka1 ~]# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf
[root@ka1 ~]# systemctl restart keepalived.service
[root@ka1 ~]# systemctl restart rsyslog.service
2.5 实现独立子配置文件
[root@ka1 ~]# mkdir /etc/keepalived/conf.d
[root@ka1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
三.Keepalived 企业应用示例
3.1 抢占模式和非抢占模式
默认为抢占模式preempt,即当高优先级的主机恢复在线后,会抢占低先级的主机的master角色, 这样会使vip在KA主机中来回漂移,造成网络抖动, 建议设置为非抢占模式 nopreempt ,即高优先级主机恢复后,并不会抢占低优先级主机的master角色 非抢占模块下,如果原主机down机, VIP迁移至的新主机, 后续也发生down时,仍会将VIP迁移回原主机
注意:要关闭 VIP抢占,必须将各 keepalived 服务器state配置为BACKUP
ka1 主机配置
[root@ka1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/conf.d/route.conf
[root@ka1 ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/conf.d/route.conf
vrrp_instance VI_1 {state BACKUP #必须将keepalived服务器设置为backupinterface eth0virtual_router_id 100 priority 100 #优先级高 nopreempt #非抢占模式advert_int 1authentication {auth_type PASSauth_pass 1111}virtual_ipaddress {172.25.254.100/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1}
}[root@ka1 ~]# systemctl restart keepalived.service
ka2配置
[root@ka2 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.confvrrp_instance VI_1 {state BACKUP #必须将keepalived服务器设置为backupinterface eth0virtual_router_id 100priority 80 #低优先级advert_int 1nopreempt #非抢占模式authentication {auth_type PASSauth_pass 1111}virtual_ipaddress {172.25.254.100/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1}
}
3.2.2 抢占延迟模式 preempt_delay
抢占延迟模式,即优先级高的主机恢复后,不会立即抢回VIP,而是延迟一段时间(默认300s)再抢回 VIP
preempt_delay #
#指定抢占延迟时间为#s,默认延迟300s
注意:需要各keepalived服务器state为BACKUP,并且不要启用 vrrp_strict
ka1配置
ka2配置
测试
[root@ka1 ~]# watch -n 1 ifconfig
关闭ka1的keepalived后vip跳转到ka2
开启ka1后,vip不会立即跳回ka1,而是根据设置的延时抢占时间后抢占vip
3.3 VIP单播配置
默认keepalived主机之间利用多播相互通告消息,会造成网络拥塞,可以替换成单播,减少网络流量
注意:启用 vrrp_strict 时,不能启用单播
ka1配置
ka2配置
3.4 Keepalived 通知脚本配置
创建通知脚本
#!/bin/bash
mail_dest='1421304181@qq.com'mail_send()
{mail_subj='$HOSTNAME to be $1 vip move'mail_msg='`date +%F\ %T`:vrrp move $HOSTNAME chage $1'echo $mail_msg | mail -s "mail_sub" $mail_dst
}case $1 inmaster)send_message master;;backup)send_message backup;;fault)send_message fault;;*);;
esac
给执行权限
[root@ka1 ~]# chmod +x /etc/keepalived/mail.sh
[root@ka1 ~]# yum install sendmail #下载邮件服务器
添加邮件配置
[root@ka1 ~]# cat /etc/mail.rcset from=1421304181@qq.comset smtp=smtp.qq.comset smtp-auth-user=1421304181@qq.comset smtp-auth-password=fmgqbgkvyunaifciset smtp-auth=loginset ssl-verify=ignore
测试邮件
[root@ka1 ~]# echo tes | mail -s test 1421304181@qq.com
调用脚本:在 vrrp_instance VI_1 语句块的末尾加下面行
notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master"notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup"notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault"
双主分别实现httpd和mysql服务的调度
在RS1和RS2中准备httpd和mysql环境在RS1中:
[root@rs1 ~]# ip addr add 172.25.254.200/32 dev lo[root@rs1 ~]# yum install mariadb-server -yroot@rs1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnfserver-id=1[root@rs1 ~]# systemctl enable --now mariadb[root@rs1 ~]# mysql -e "grant ALL on *.* to lee@'%' identified by 'lee'"[root@rs1 ~]# mysql -ulee -plee -h172.25.254.101 -e 'select @@server_id'+-------------+| @@server_id |+-------------+| 1 |+-------------+在RS2中:
[root@rs2 ~]# ip addr add 172.25.254.200/32 dev lo[root@rs2 ~]# yum install mariadb-server -y[root@rs2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnfserver-id=2[root@rs2 ~]# systemctl enable --now mariadb[root@rs2 ~]# mysql -e "grant ALL on *.* to lee@'%' identified by 'lee'"[root@rs2 ~]# mysql -ulee -plee -h172.25.254.102 -e 'select @@server_id'+-------------+| @@server_id |+-------------+| 1 |+-------------+
ka1配置
#配置双主模式
[root@rhel7-ka1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.confvrrp_instance web {state MASTERinterface ens33virtual_router_id 100priority 100advert_int 1authentication {auth_type PASSauth_pass 1111}virtual_ipaddress {172.25.254.100 dev ens33 label ens33:0}}vrrp_instance sql {state BACKUPinterface ens33virtual_router_id 200priority 80advert_int 1authentication {auth_type PASSauth_pass 1111}virtual_ipaddress {172.25.254.200 dev ens33 label ens33:1}}include "/etc/keepalived/conf.d/web.conf"include "/etc/keepalived/conf.d/sql.conf"[root@rhel7-ka1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/conf.d/web.confvirtual_server 172.25.254.100 80 {delay_loop 6lb_algo wrrlb_kind DRprotocol TCPsorry_server 172.25.254.30 80real_server 172.25.254.101 80 {weight 1TCP_CHECK {connect_timeout 5nb_get_retry 3delay_before_retry 3connect_port 80}}real_server 172.25.254.102 80 {weight 1HTTP_GET {url {path /status_code 200}connect_timeout 1nb_get_retry 3delay_before_retry 1}}}[root@rhel7-ka1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/conf.d/sql.confvirtual_server 172.25.254.200 3306 {delay_loop 3lb_algo rrlb_kind DRprotocol TCPreal_server 172.25.254.101 3306 {weight 1TCP_CHECK {connect_timeout 5nb_get_retry 3delay_before_retry 3connect_port 3306}}real_server 172.25.254.102 3306 {weight 1TCP_CHECK {connect_timeout 5nb_get_retry 3delay_before_retry 3connect_port 3306}}}
ka2配置
[root@ka1 keepalived]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.confvrrp_instance web {state BACKUP #备机interface eth0virtual_router_id 50priority 80advert_int 1authentication {auth_type PASSauth_pass 1111}virtual_ipaddress {172.25.254.100 dev eth0 label eth0:1}}vrrp_instance sql {state MASTER #主机interface eth0virtual_router_id 60priority 100advert_int 1authentication {auth_type PASSauth_pass 1111}virtual_ipaddress {172.25.254.200 dev eth0 label eth0:1}}include "/etc/keepalived/conf.d/web.conf"include "/etc/keepalived/conf.d/sql.conf"
[root@ka1 keepalived]# vim /etc/keepalived/conf.d/web.confvirtual_server 172.25.254.100 80 {delay_loop 6lb_algo wrrlb_kind DRprotocol TCPsorry_server 172.25.254.30 80real_server 172.25.254.10 80 {weight 1TCP_CHECK {connect_timeout 5nb_get_retry 3delay_before_retry 3connect_port 80}}real_server 172.25.254.102 80 {weight 1HTTP_GET {url {path /status_code 200}connect_timeout 1nb_get_retry 3delay_before_retry 1}}}[root@rhel7-ka2 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/conf.d/web.confvirtual_server 172.25.254.200 3306 {delay_loop 3lb_algo rrlb_kind DRprotocol TCPreal_server 172.25.254.101 3306 {weight 1TCP_CHECK {connect_timeout 5nb_get_retry 3delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 3306}}real_server 172.25.254.102 3306 {weight 1TCP_CHECK {connect_timeout 5nb_get_retry 3delay_before_retry 3connect_port 3306}}}
使用ipvsadm查看
[root@ka1 keepalived]# ipvsadm -LnIP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConnTCP 172.25.254.100:80 wrr-> 172.25.254.100:80 Route 1 0 0-> 172.25.254.101:80 Route 1 0 0
TCP 172.25.254.200:3306 rr -> 172.25.254.101:3306 Route 1 0 0-> 172.25.254.102:3306 Route 1 0 0
测试
[root@ka1 keepalived]# mysql -ulee -plee -h172.25.254.200 -e 'select @@server_id'+-------------+| @@server_id |+-------------+|
2 |+-------------+
[root@ka2 keepalived]# mysql -ulee -plee -h172.25.254.200 -e 'select @@server_id'+-------------+| @@server_id |+-------------+|
1 |+-------------+
[root@ka1 keepalived]# mysql -ulee -plee -h172.25.254.200 -e 'select @@server_id'
利用脚本实现主从角色切换
[root@ka1 keepalived]# vim /mnt/check_lee.sh#!/bin/bash[ ! -f "/mnt/lee" ]
[root@ka1 keepalived]# chmod +x /mnt/check_lee.sh
[root@ka1 keepalived]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.confvrrp_script check_lee {script "/mnt/check_lee.sh"interval 1weight -30fall 2rise 2timeout 2}vrrp_instance web {state MASTERinterface ens33virtual_router_id 50priority 100advert_int 1}authentication {auth_type PASSauth_pass 1111}virtual_ipaddress {172.25.254.100 dev ens33 label ens33:0}track_script {check_lee}
[root@ka1 keepalived]# touch /mnt/lee
[root@ka1 keepalived]# tail -f /var/log/messages