使用 Spring Security 集成 JWT（JSON Web Token）身份验证是一种常见的方式来实现基于令牌的身份验证。在 Spring Boot 应用程序中使用 Spring Security 和 JWT，可以创建一个安全、可扩展的身份验证系统。下面是一个示例，展示如何在 Spring Boot 项目中集成 JWT 身份验证：
1. 添加依赖：
首先，在你的 pom.xml 中添加与 JWT 和 Spring Security 相关的依赖：
<dependencies><!-- Spring Boot Starter Security --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId></dependency><!-- JJWT (Java JSON Web Token) --><dependency><groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId><artifactId>jjwt-api</artifactId><version>0.11.5</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId><artifactId>jjwt-impl</artifactId><version>0.11.5</version><scope>runtime</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId><artifactId>jjwt-jackson</artifactId><version>0.11.5</version><scope>runtime</scope></dependency>
</dependencies>
2. 配置 JWT 密钥：
在 application.properties 或 application.yml 文件中配置用于签署和验证 JWT 的密钥：
properties code
# JWT 配置
jwt.secret=your-secret-key
jwt.expiration-time=86400000 # 令牌有效时间，单位为毫秒
jwt.header=Authorization # JWT 令牌的请求头
jwt.prefix=Bearer # 令牌前缀
3. JWT 工具类：
创建一个工具类来生成和解析 JWT：
java">import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.util.Date;@Component
public class JwtTokenUtil {@Value("${jwt.secret}")private String secret;@Value("${jwt.expiration-time}")private long expirationTime;// 生成 JWT 令牌public String generateToken(String username) {Date now = new Date();Date expiryDate = new Date(now.getTime() + expirationTime);return Jwts.builder().setSubject(username).setIssuedAt(now).setExpiration(expiryDate).signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, secret).compact();}// 解析 JWT 令牌public String getUsernameFromToken(String token) {Claims claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secret).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();return claims.getSubject();}// 验证 JWT 令牌是否有效public boolean validateToken(String token, String username) {String tokenUsername = getUsernameFromToken(token);Date expiration = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secret).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody().getExpiration();return (username.equals(tokenUsername) && expiration.after(new Date()));}
}
4. JWT 过滤器：
创建一个过滤器，用于在请求中拦截 JWT 令牌，并根据令牌进行身份验证：
java">import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.WebAuthenticationDetailsSource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter;import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;@Component
public class JwtAuthenticationFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {@Autowiredprivate JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;@Autowiredprivate UserDetailsService userDetailsService;@Overrideprotected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)throws ServletException, IOException {String header = request.getHeader("${jwt.header}");if (header != null && header.startsWith("${jwt.prefix} ")) {String token = header.replace("${jwt.prefix} ", "");String username = jwtTokenUtil.getUsernameFromToken(token);if (username != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() == null) {UserDetails userDetails = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);if (jwtTokenUtil.validateToken(token, username)) {UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(userDetails, null, userDetails.getAuthorities());authentication.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(request));SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);}}}chain.doFilter(request, response);}
}
5. 配置 Spring Security：
在 SecurityConfig 中配置 Spring Security 来使用 JWT 过滤器：
java">import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.config.http.SessionCreationPolicy;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter;@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {@Autowiredprivate JwtAuthenticationFilter jwtAuthenticationFilter;@Autowiredprivate UserDetailsService userDetailsService;@Beanpublic BCryptPasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();}@Overrideprotected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {auth.userDetailsService(userDetailsService).passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());}@Overrideprotected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {http.cors().and().csrf().disable().authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/auth/**").permitAll() // 允许未认证访问登录和注册等路径.anyRequest().authenticated() // 其他请求需要身份验证.and().exceptionHandling().and().sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS);// 添加 JWT 过滤器http.addFilterBefore(jwtAuthenticationFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);}@Override@Beanpublic AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception {return super.authenticationManagerBean();}
}
6. 登录和令牌颁发：
在控制器中实现登录和令牌颁发：
java">import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.BadCredentialsException;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;@RestController
@RequestMapping("/auth")
public class AuthController {@Autowiredprivate AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;@Autowiredprivate JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;@Autowiredprivate UserDetailsService userDetailsService;@PostMapping("/login")public ResponseEntity<?> login(@RequestBody AuthRequest authRequest) {try {// 进行身份验证authenticationManager.authenticate(new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(authRequest.getUsername(), authRequest.getPassword()));// 加载用户详细信息UserDetails userDetails = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(authRequest.getUsername());// 生成 JWT 令牌String token = jwtTokenUtil.generateToken(userDetails.getUsername());// 返回令牌return ResponseEntity.ok(new AuthResponse(token));} catch (BadCredentialsException e) {return ResponseEntity.status(401).body("Invalid credentials");}}
}
数据模型：
AuthRequest：表示登录请求，包括用户名和密码。AuthResponse：表示登录响应，包括生成的 JWT 令牌。
java">// 登录请求数据模型
public class AuthRequest {private String username;private String password;// Getters and setters...
}// 登录响应数据模型
public class AuthResponse {private String token;public AuthResponse(String token) {this.token = token;}// Getters and setters...
}
通过以上配置和代码，你可以在 Spring Boot 项目中集成 JWT 身份验证。你可以根据自己的需求进一步定制和优化。
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