配置环境

我选择的操作系统环境是Ubuntu24.04的虚拟机

安装qemu7.0.0

1. 安装依赖库

   sudo apt-get install git libglib2.0-dev libfdt-dev libpixman-1-dev zlib1g-dev ninja-build build-essential git-email libaio-dev libbluetooth-dev libcapstone-dev libbrlapi-dev libbz2-dev libcap-ng-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev libgtk-3-dev libibverbs-dev libjpeg8-dev libncurses5-dev libnuma-dev librbd-dev librdmacm-dev libsasl2-dev libsdl2-dev libseccomp-dev libsnappy-dev libssh-dev libvde-dev libvdeplug-dev libvte-2.91-dev libxen-dev liblzo2-dev valgrind xfslibs-dev libnfs-dev libiscsi-dev

2. 下载qemu的源码https://download.qemu.org/qemu-7.0.0.tar.xz

3. 然后执行安装命令

   tar xvJf qemu-7.0.0.tar.xz
   cd qemu-7.0.0                       
   mkdir build
   cd build
   ../configure --prefix=/opt/qemu     # 设定安装目录为/opt/qemu
   make
   sudo make install

4. 修改环境变量，在/etc/profile文件中最后加上

   export PATH=$PATH:/opt/qemu/bin

5. 重启虚拟机打开终端测试安装结果

   qemu-system-riscv64 --version

   执行命令后看到版本号为安装成功

安装riscv交叉编译工具链

1. 安装环境依赖库

   sudo apt-get install autoconf automake autotools-dev curl python3 python3-pip python3-tomli libmpc-dev libmpfr-dev libgmp-dev gawk build-essential bison flex texinfo gperf libtool patchutils bc zlib1g-dev libexpat-dev ninja-build git cmake libglib2.0-dev libslirp-dev

2. 下载工具链源码并执行编译安装

   git clone https://github.com/riscv/riscv-gnu-toolchain
   cd riscv-gnu-toolchain
   sed -i '/shallow = true/d' .gitmodules
   sed -i 's/--depth 1//g' Makefile.in
   git submodule update --init --recursive
   ​
   mkdir build
   cd build
   ../configure --prefix=/opt/riscv --enable-multilib
   sudo make     # 这里使用sudo是因为在make的过程中会直接进行创建文件夹等操作，需要权限

3. 修改环境变量，在/etc/profile文件中最后加上

   export PATH=$PATH:/opt/riscv/bin

4. 重启虚拟机打开终端测试安装结果

   riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc --version

   执行命令看到版本号为安装成功

安装RUST开发环境

1. 执行安装命令，默认安装即可

   curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh

2. 执行环境配置命令，安装后会让执行一个命令完成rust的环境配置

   source $HOME/.cargo/env

3. 测试安装结果

   rustc --version
   cargo --version

   看到版本号为安装成功