目录
操作系统信息
安装文件准备
主机准备
主机配置
配置hosts（所有节点）
关闭防火墙、selinux、swap、dnsmasq(所有节点)
系统参数设置(所有节点)
配置ipvs功能(所有节点)
安装docker（所有节点）
卸载老版本
安装docker
安装
添加 system启动
配置cgroupd
k8s准备和安装
安装 kubeadm，kubelet 和 kubectl（所有节点）
准备镜像（所有节点）
安装 master（master节点）
安装kubernets node（node节点）
安装kubernets 网络插件 calico（master节点操作）
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操作系统信息
uname -a # 查看所有操作系统信息
uname -s # 查看内核名称
uname -r # 查看内核版本号
uname -m # 查看机器硬件名称 
cat /etc/os-release # 查看所有操作系统信息 
安装文件准备
主机准备
主机配置
172.171.16.88 meng
备注：本次只是为了测试整个离线安装过程，只用了一个节点，多个节点，同理把node节点加入进去即可。
上传好所有安装需要的文件后，断网，在虚拟机安装界面操作，确保整个流程是断网的。
配置hosts（所有节点）
配置 /etc/hosts 文件
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
172.171.16.88 meng
EOF
关闭防火墙、selinux、swap、dnsmasq(所有节点)
关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
关闭selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config #永久
setenforce 0 #临时
关闭swap（k8s禁止虚拟内存以提高性能）
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab #永久
swapoff -a #临时//关闭dnsmasq（否则可能导致docker容器无法解析域名）
service dnsmasq stop
systemctl disable dnsmaq系统参数设置(所有节点)
//制作配置文件 设置网桥参数
mkdir /etc/sysctl.d
vim /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
vm.swappiness=0
vm.overcommit_memory = 1
vm.panic_on_oom = 0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 89100/生效文件
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf
如果报错：
[root@crawler-k8s-master ~]# sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf
sysctl: cannot stat /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-ip6tables: 没有那个文件或目录
sysctl: cannot stat /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables: 没有那个文件或目录//加载网桥过滤模块
modprobe br_netfilter
然后再次
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf
配置ipvs功能(所有节点)
在kubernetes中service有两种代理模型，一种是基于iptables的，一种是基于ipvs的
两者比较的话，ipvs的性能明显要高一些，但是如果要使用它，需要手动载入ipvs模块
//添加需要加载的模块写入脚本文件
vim /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4//为脚本文件添加执行权限
chmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
//执行脚本文件
/bin/bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
备注：如果报错可能是需要将 modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4 改为modprobe -- nf_conntrack
安装docker（所有节点）
卸载老版本
备注：docker版本最好用本文中提到的20.10，我再25版本上的docker安装报错，重装了20.10版本，马上就可以了
yum remove docker docker-client docker-client-latest docker-common docker-latest docker-latest-logrotate docker-logrotate docker-engine安装docker
docker 安装包在准备文件的 docker目录下，上传到服务器
安装
tar xf docker-20.10.9.tgzmv docker/* /usr/bin/添加 system启动
编辑docker的系统服务文件
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service[Unit]Description=Docker Application Container EngineDocumentation=https://docs.docker.comAfter=network-online.target firewalld.serviceWants=network-online.target[Service]Type=notifyExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerdExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPIDLimitNOFILE=infinityLimitNPROC=infinityTimeoutStartSec=0Delegate=yesKillMode=processRestart=on-failureStartLimitBurst=3StartLimitInterval=60s[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target设置自启动
systemctl start docker & systemctl enable docker配置cgroupd
vim /etc/docker/daemon.json{"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}//设置开机启动systemctl start dockersystemctl enable docker//重启dockersystemctl daemon-reloadsystemctl restart dockerk8s准备和安装
安装 kubeadm，kubelet 和 kubectl（所有节点）
安装包在 准备文件的 k8s-rpm下，上传到服务器/home 下
工具说明：
- kubeadm：部署集群用的命令
- kubelet：在集群中每台机器上都要运行的组件，负责管理pod、容器的什么周期
- kubectl：集群管理工具配置阿里云源：
- 其他的为这三个工具用到的依赖
安装：
cd /home/k8s-rpmrpm -ivh *.rpmrpm -ivh *.rpm --force --nodeps或者一个个安装 提示有依赖没装，就先装依赖
设置开机自启动：
systemctl start kubelet && systemctl enable kubelet准备镜像（所有节点）
安装包在 准备文件的 k8s-images下，上传到服务器/home 下
解压
cd /home/k8s-images/find /home/k8s-images -name "*.tar" -exec docker load -i {} \;解压完成后
安装 master（master节点）
kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=172.171.16.147 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.23.7 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
日志如下：
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.23.7
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [crawler-k8s-master kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 172.171.16.147]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [crawler-k8s-master localhost] and IPs [172.171.16.147 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [crawler-k8s-master localhost] and IPs [172.171.16.147 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 12.507186 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.23" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
NOTE: The "kubelet-config-1.23" naming of the kubelet ConfigMap is deprecated. Once the UnversionedKubeletConfigMap feature gate graduates to Beta the default name will become just "kubelet-config". Kubeadm upgrade will handle this transition transparently.
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node crawler-k8s-master as control-plane by adding the labels: [node-role.kubernetes.io/master(deprecated) node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers]
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node crawler-k8s-master as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: i4dp7i.7t1j8ezmgwkj1gio
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxyYour Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:mkdir -p $HOME/.kubesudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/configsudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/configAlternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.confYou should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:kubeadm join 172.171.16.147:6443 --token i4dp7i.7t1j8ezmgwkj1gio \--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9fb74686ff3bea5769e5ed466dbb2c32ed3fc920374ff2175b39b8162ac27f8f 在 master上进一步执行上面提示的命令
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
安装kubernets node（node节点）
将 node 添加到集群中
kubeadm join 172.171.16.147:6443 --token i4dp7i.7t1j8ezmgwkj1gio \--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9fb74686ff3bea5769e5ed466dbb2c32ed3fc920374ff2175b39b8162ac27f8f然后显示日志：
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.安装kubernets 网络插件 calico（master节点操作）
安装包在 准备文件的 k8s/calico.yaml下，上传到服务器/home 下
下载 calico文档 https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml
修改文件中的镜像地址
grep image calico.yamlsed -i 's#docker.io/##g' calico.yamlkubectl apply -f calico.yaml部署完成
