Visual Studio Code（简称VSCode）是一款轻量级但功能强大的代码编辑器࿰c;支持几乎所有主流编程语言。对于C/C++开发者来说࿰c;VSCode通过扩展插件（如Microsoft的C/C++扩展）可以构建出一个高效、便捷的开发环境。本文将指导你如何在VSCode中配置C/C++开发环境。

准备工作

1. 安装Visual Studio Code

首先࿰c;确保你已经安装了VSCode。你可以从VSCode官网下载并安装。

2. 安装C/C++编译器

对于C/C++开发࿰c;你需要一个编译器。GCC（GNU Compiler Collection）和Clang都是流行的选择。在Windows上࿰c;你可以使用MinGW或Cygwin作为GCC的封装；在Linux上࿰c;GCC通常已经预装或可以通过包管理器安装；在macOS上࿰c;你可以使用Xcode Command Line Tools࿰c;它包含了Clang。

Windows示例（使用MinGW）：

• 下载并安装MinGW。
• 安装时࿰c;确保包含了C++编译器（g++）。
• 配置环境变量࿰c;将MinGW的bin目录添加到PATH中。

Linux示例（使用包管理器安装GCC）：

<code class="prism language-powershell">sudo apt update  
sudo apt install buildclass="token operator">-essential  class="token comment"># Debian/Ubuntu  
class="token comment"># 或  
sudo yum groupinstall class="token string">"Development Tools"  class="token comment"># CentOS/RHEL
code>

cOSXcode_Command_Line_Tools_21">macOS示例（安装Xcode Command Line Tools）：

<code class="prism language-powershell">xcodeclass="token operator">-class="token function">select class="token operator">--install
code>

3. 安装C/C++扩展

在VSCode中࿰c;打开扩展视图（侧边栏点击方块图标或使用快捷键Ctrl+Shift+X）࿰c;搜索“C/C++”并安装由Microsoft提供的C/C++扩展。

配置C/C++扩展

安装C/C++扩展后࿰c;VSCode会自动为C/C++项目提供一些基本的智能感知功能。但为了获得最佳体验࿰c;你可能需要根据你的项目需求进行一些配置。

c_cpp_propertiesjson_33">1. 创建c_cpp_properties.json

这个配置文件用于指定编译器的路径、包含目录（Include Paths）等。VSCode会自动提示你创建它࿰c;或者你可以手动在项目根目录下创建.class="tags" href="/VSCODE.html" title=vscode>vscode文件夹࿰c;并在其中创建c_cpp_properties.json文件。以下是一个简单的示例：

<code class="prism language-clike">class="token punctuation">{  class="token string">"configurations"class="token punctuation">: class="token punctuation">[  class="token punctuation">{  class="token string">"name"class="token punctuation">: class="token string">"Win32"class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"includePath"class="token punctuation">: class="token punctuation">[  class="token string">"${workspaceFolder}/**"  class="token punctuation">]class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"defines"class="token punctuation">: class="token punctuation">[class="token punctuation">]class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"compilerPath"class="token punctuation">: class="token string">"C:/MinGW/bin/g++.exe"class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"cStandard"class="token punctuation">: class="token string">"c11"class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"cppStandard"class="token punctuation">: class="token string">"c++17"class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"intelliSenseMode"class="token punctuation">: class="token string">"windows-gcc-x64"  class="token punctuation">}  class="token punctuation">]class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"version"class="token punctuation">: class="token number">4  
class="token punctuation">}
code>

2. 创建tasks.json

tasks.json文件用于定义构建任务。VSCode同样可以自动为你创建这个文件࿰c;或者你可以手动创建。下面是一个使用g++编译C++文件的示例：

<code class="prism language-clike">class="token punctuation">{  class="token string">"version"class="token punctuation">: class="token string">"2.0.0"class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"tasks"class="token punctuation">: class="token punctuation">[  class="token punctuation">{  class="token string">"label"class="token punctuation">: class="token string">"build hello world"class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"type"class="token punctuation">: class="token string">"shell"class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"command"class="token punctuation">: class="token string">"g++"class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"args"class="token punctuation">: class="token punctuation">[  class="token string">"-g"class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"${file}"class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"-o"class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"  class="token punctuation">]class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"group"class="token punctuation">: class="token punctuation">{  class="token string">"kind"class="token punctuation">: class="token string">"build"class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"isDefault"class="token punctuation">: class="token boolean">true  class="token punctuation">}class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"problemMatcher"class="token punctuation">: class="token punctuation">[class="token string">"$gcc"class="token punctuation">]class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"detail"class="token punctuation">: class="token string">"compiler: g++"  class="token punctuation">}  class="token punctuation">]  
class="token punctuation">}
code>

注意： 根据你的操作系统和编译器配置࿰c;args数组中的参数可能需要调整。

chjson_85">3. 调试配置（launch.json）

虽然VSCode的C/C++扩展提供了智能感知和代码补全功能࿰c;但真正的调试功能需要配置launch.json文件。VSCode会在你尝试启动调试会话时提示你创建这个文件。以下是一个简单的调试配置示例：

<code class="prism language-clike">class="token punctuation">{  class="token string">"version"class="token punctuation">: class="token string">"0.2.0"class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"configurations"class="token punctuation">: class="token punctuation">[  class="token punctuation">{  class="token string">"name"class="token punctuation">: class="token string">"(gdb) Launch"class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"type"class="token punctuation">: class="token string">"cppdbg"class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"request"class="token punctuation">: class="token string">"launch"class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"program"class="token punctuation">: class="token string">"${workspaceFolder}/a.exe"class="token punctuation">, class="token comment">// 或你的可执行文件名称  class="token string">"args"class="token punctuation">: class="token punctuation">[class="token punctuation">]class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"stopAtEntry"class="token punctuation">: class="token boolean">falseclass="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"cwd"class="token punctuation">: class="token string">"${workspaceFolder}"class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"environment"class="token punctuation">: class="token punctuation">[class="token punctuation">]class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"externalConsole"class="token punctuation">: class="token boolean">falseclass="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"MIMode"class="token punctuation">: class="token string">"gdb"class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"miDebuggerPath"class="token punctuation">: class="token string">"C:/MinGW/bin/gdb.exe"class="token punctuation">, class="token comment">// 你的gdb路径  class="token string">"setupCommands"class="token punctuation">: class="token punctuation">[  class="token punctuation">{  class="token string">"description"class="token punctuation">: class="token string">"Enable pretty-printing for gdb"class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"text"class="token punctuation">: class="token string">"-enable-pretty-printing"class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"ignoreFailures"class="token punctuation">: class="token boolean">true  class="token punctuation">}  class="token punctuation">]class="token punctuation">,  class="token string">"preLaunchTask"class="token punctuation">: class="token string">"build hello world"class="token punctuation">, class="token comment">// 对应于tasks.json中的任务名  class="token string">"miDebuggerArgs"class="token punctuation">: class="token string">"--interpreter=mi"  class="token punctuation">}  class="token punctuation">]  
class="token punctuation">}
code>

完成以上步骤后࿰c;你就已经成功在VSCode中配置了C/C++开发环境。现在࿰c;你可以开始编写代码、构建项目并进行调试了。VSCode的C/C++扩展提供了丰富的功能࿰c;如代码导航、智能感知、代码片段、调试等࿰c;可以大大提高你的开发效率。