在 Linux 服务器上使用 Docker 容器快速部署 Prometheus 和 Grafana 监控系统，同时通过 node_exporter 采集全面的系统性能数据。整个流程涵盖了从环境配置到搭建一个全面监控平台的每个步骤。
一键安装Node Exporter
Node Exporter 是 Prometheus 生态系统中的一个关键组件，它专门用于收集和导出 Linux 系统的硬件和操作系统指标，如 CPU 使用率、内存利用率、磁盘 IO、网络统计等。这些数据可以帮助你深入了解服务器的性能表现，从而提高系统的监控和管理效率。
该服务所有需要监控的服务器安装，属于数据采集Agent。
下面是一键安装的脚本，脚本设置了国内加速
#!/bin/bash# 定义变量
URL="https://mirror.ghproxy.com/https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.8.2/node_exporter-1.8.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz"
TAR_FILE="node_exporter-1.8.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz"
DIR_NAME="node_exporter-1.8.2.linux-amd64"
LISTEN_PORT="9100"# 下载文件
echo "Downloading $TAR_FILE..."
wget -c $URL -O $TAR_FILE
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; thenecho "Error: Failed to download $TAR_FILE."exit 1
fi# 解压文件
echo "Extracting $TAR_FILE..."
tar -zxvf $TAR_FILE
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; thenecho "Error: Failed to extract $TAR_FILE."exit 1
fi# 进入解压后的目录
echo "Changing directory to $DIR_NAME..."
cd $DIR_NAME
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; thenecho "Error: Failed to change directory to $DIR_NAME."exit 1
fi# 后台运行 node_exporter
echo "Starting node_exporter on port $LISTEN_PORT..."
nohup ./node_exporter --web.listen-address=":$LISTEN_PORT" > node_exporter.stdout 2>&1 &
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; thenecho "Error: Failed to start node_exporter."exit 1
fiecho "node_exporter started successfully and is listening on port $LISTEN_PORT."
安装prometheus
创建数据存储目录
mkdir /data/prometheus_data && chmod 777 /data/prometheus_data创建配置文件
将需要监控的节点和添加进配置文件
- job_name: "node_exporter"static_configs:- targets:- "192.168.1.12:9100"- "192.168.1.13:9100"- "192.168.1.14:9100"- "192.168.1.15:9100"- "192.168.1.3:9100"- "192.168.1.4:9100"- "192.168.1.5:9100"- "192.168.1.6:9100"- "192.168.1.7:9100"完整的配置文件内容为
# my global config
global:scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.# scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:alertmanagers:- static_configs:- targets:# - alertmanager:9093# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global "evaluation_interval".
rule_files:# - "first_rules.yml"# - "second_rules.yml"# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it"s Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:# The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.- job_name: "prometheus"static_configs:- targets: ["localhost:9090"]- job_name: "node_exporter"static_configs:- targets:- "192.168.1.12:9100"- "192.168.1.13:9100"- "192.168.1.14:9100"- "192.168.1.15:9100"- "192.168.1.3:9100"- "192.168.1.4:9100"- "192.168.1.5:9100"- "192.168.1.6:9100"- "192.168.1.7:9100"tips:这里格式一定要对齐，否则可能会启动失败
设置配置文件权限
chmod 777 /etc/prometheus.yml下载运行Prometheus
下载运行服务
docker run -d \--name=prometheus \-p 9090:9090 \-v /etc/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml \-v /data/prometheus_data:/prometheus \--restart always \prom/prometheus如果拉取不了可以用下面这个
docker run -d \--name=prometheus \-p 9090:9090 \-v /etc/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml \-v /data/prometheus_data:/prometheus \--restart always \registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/jast-docker/prometheus:latest| 参数 | 说明 |
| `-d` | 使容器在后台运行（分离模式）。 |
| `--name=prometheus` | 为容器指定名称 `prometheus`，便于管理。 |
| `-p 9090:9090` | 将宿主机的 `9090` 端口映射到容器的 `9090` 端口，便于访问 Prometheus。 |
| `-v /etc/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml` | 挂载宿主机的 Prometheus 配置文件到容器中。 |
| `-v /data/prometheus_data:/prometheus` | 挂载宿主机的目录用于存储 Prometheus 数据，确保数据持久化。 |
| `--restart always` | 设定容器在停止后自动重启，保证持续运行。 |
| `prom/prometheus` | 使用 Prometheus 的官方 Docker 镜像启动容器。 |
访问：http://localhost:9090 验证是否启动生效
安装Grafana
创建数据目录
mkdir -p grafana/data下载运行Grafana
docker run -d -p 3000:3000 --name=grafana \--user "$(id -u)" \ --volume "$PWD/grafana/data:/var/lib/grafana" \grafana/grafana 上面的如果用不了，用下面的国内镜像
docker run -d -p 3000:3000 --name=grafana \--user "$(id -u)" \--restart always \--volume "$PWD/grafana/data:/var/lib/grafana" \registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/jast-docker/grafana:latest运行完成访问: http://localhost:3000
配置Grafana监控Linux服务器
登录
默认账号密码admin/admin
首次登录后设置密码
添加数据源
填写prometheus地址
最下方点击保存
导入模板
导入8189模板，官方提供的监控模板
输入名称和数据源导入
监控效果
到此监控已经配置完成，你也可以配置预警值，进行一些告警操作，第一时间发现问题。
json文件内容
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"🏡资源总览：当前选中主机：$show_name，实例：$instance","type": "row"},{"datasource": {"type": "prometheus","uid": "${DS__VICTORIAMETRICS-PROD-ALL}"},"description": "分区使用率、磁盘读取、磁盘写入、下载带宽、上传带宽，如果有多个网卡或者多个分区，是采集的使用率最高的网卡或者分区的数值。\n\n连接数：CurrEstab - 当前状态为 ESTABLISHED 或 CLOSE-WAIT 的 TCP 连接数。\n\n健康值是一个新增的指标，根据CPU，内存，IO计算出来的一个值，低于90分说明系统的资源使用情况需要注意了，这是一个正在测试的指标，参数可能需要根据实际情况再优化。","fieldConfig": {"defaults": {"color": {"mode": "thresholds"},"custom": {"align": "center","cellOptions": {"type": "auto"},"filterable": false,"inspect": false},"decimals": 1,"mappings": [],"max": 100,"thresholds": {"mode": "absolute","steps": [{"color": "green","value": null}]},"unit": "none"},"overrides": [{"matcher": {"id": "byName","options": "内存"},"properties": [{"id": "unit","value": "bytes"},{"id": "decimals"},{"id": "custom.width","value": 66},{"id": "color","value": {"fixedColor": "blue","mode": "fixed"}},{"id": "custom.cellOptions","value": {"type": "color-text"}},{"id": "decimals","value": 0}]},{"matcher": {"id": "byName","options": "启动(天)"},"properties": [{"id": "unit","value": "none"},{"id": "custom.width","value": 68},{"id": "decimals"}]},{"matcher": {"id": "byName","options": "磁盘读取*"},"properties": [{"id": "unit","value": "binBps"},{"id": "custom.cellOptions","value": {"mode": "gradient","type": "color-background"}},{"id": "thresholds","value": {"mode": "absolute","steps": [{"color": "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)","value": null},{"color": "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)","value": 10485760},{"color": "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)","value": 20485760}]}},{"id": "custom.width","value": 93}]},{"matcher": {"id": "byName","options": "磁盘写入*"},"properties": [{"id": "unit","value": "binBps"},{"id": "custom.cellOptions","value": {"mode": "gradient","type": "color-background"}},{"id": "thresholds","value": {"mode": "absolute","steps": [{"color": "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)","value": null},{"color": "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)","value": 10485760},{"color": "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)","value": 20485760}]}},{"id": "custom.width","value": 95}]},{"matcher": {"id": "byName","options": "下载带宽*"},"properties": [{"id": "unit","value": "binbps"},{"id": "custom.cellOptions","value": {"mode": "gradient","type": "color-background"}},{"id": "thresholds","value": {"mode": "absolute","steps": [{"color": "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)","value": null},{"color": "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)","value": 30485760},{"color": "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)","value": 104857600}]}},{"id": "custom.width","value": 91},{"id": "decimals"}]},{"matcher": {"id": "byName","options": "上传带宽*"},"properties": [{"id": "unit","value": "binbps"},{"id": "custom.cellOptions","value": {"mode": "gradient","type": "color-background"}},{"id": "thresholds","value": {"mode": "absolute","steps": [{"color": "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)","value": null},{"color": "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)","value": 30485760},{"color": "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)","value": 104857600}]}},{"id": "custom.width","value": 85},{"id": "decimals"}]},{"matcher": {"id": "byName","options": "负载"},"properties": [{"id": "decimals","value": 2},{"id": "custom.width","value": 67}]},{"matcher": {"id": "byName","options": "连接数"},"properties": [{"id": "custom.cellOptions","value": {"mode": "gradient","type": "color-background"}},{"id": "thresholds","value": {"mode": "absolute","steps": [{"color": "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)","value": null},{"color": "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)","value": 1000},{"color": "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)","value": 1500}]}},{"id": "custom.width","value": 59},{"id": "decimals"}]},{"matcher": {"id": "byName","options": "TCP_tw"},"properties": [{"id": "custom.cellOptions","value": {"mode": "gradient","type": "color-background"}},{"id": "thresholds","value": {"mode": "absolute","steps": [{"color": "rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)","value": null},{"color": "rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)","value": 5000},{"color": "rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)","value": 20000}]}},{"id": "custom.width","value": 69},{"id": "decimals"}]},{"matcher": {"id": "byName","options": "CPU"},"properties": [{"id": 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"byRegexp","options": "/.*使用率.*/"},"properties": [{"id": "unit","value": "percent"},{"id": "custom.cellOptions","value": {"mode": "gradient","type": "gauge"}},{"id": "color","value": {"mode": "continuous-GrYlRd"}},{"id": "custom.width","value": 110}]},{"matcher": {"id": "byName","options": "到期日"},"properties": [{"id": "custom.width","value": 97}]},{"matcher": {"id": "byName","options": "实例ID"},"properties": [{"id": "custom.width","value": 115}]}]},"gridPos": {"h": 10,"w": 24,"x": 0,"y": 1},"id": 198,"options": {"cellHeight": "sm","footer": {"countRows": false,"fields": ["Value #B","Value #C","Value #L","Value #H","Value #I","Value #M","Value #N","Value #J","Value #K"],"reducer": ["sum"],"show": false},"showHeader": true,"sortBy": [{"desc": true,"displayName": "到期日"}]},"pluginVersion": "11.0.0","targets": [{"datasource": {"type": "prometheus","uid": "${DS__VICTORIAMETRICS-PROD-ALL}"},"editorMode": "code","exemplar": false,"expr": 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{vendor=~\"$vendor\",account=~\"$account\",group=~\"$group\",name=~\"$name\",name=~\".*$sname.*\",fstype=~\"ext.?|xfs\"}+(node_filesystem_size_bytes{vendor=~\"$vendor\",account=~\"$account\",group=~\"$group\",name=~\"$name\",name=~\".*$sname.*\",fstype=~\"ext.?|xfs\"}-node_filesystem_free_bytes{vendor=~\"$vendor\",account=~\"$account\",group=~\"$group\",name=~\"$name\",name=~\".*$sname.*\",fstype=~\"ext.?|xfs\"})))by(instance)","format": "table","hide": false,"instant": true,"interval": "","legendFormat": "分区使用率","refId": "E"},{"datasource": {"type": "prometheus","uid": "${DS__VICTORIAMETRICS-PROD-ALL}"},"exemplar": false,"expr": "max(irate(node_disk_read_bytes_total{vendor=~\"$vendor\",account=~\"$account\",group=~\"$group\",name=~\"$name\",name=~\".*$sname.*\"}[$interval])) by (instance)","format": "table","hide": false,"instant": true,"interval": "","legendFormat": "最大读取","refId": "H"},{"datasource": {"type": "prometheus","uid": "${DS__VICTORIAMETRICS-PROD-ALL}"},"exemplar": 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